Šiveluč

Šiveluč
Šiveluč
Šiveluč z ISS

Vrchol3307 m n. m.
Prominence3 168 m
Poloha
SvětadílAsie
StátRuskoRusko Rusko
Souřadnice
Šiveluč
Šiveluč
Šiveluč, Rusko
Typstratovulkán
Erupce2023 (momentálně činná)
Horninasopečné
Logo Wikimedia Commons multimediální obsah na Commons
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Šiveluč (rusky Шивелуч) je nejsevernější aktivní sopkaKamčatském krajiRusku. Občas je nazývána Ševeluč (rusky Шевелуч). Je jednou z největších a nejaktivnějších sopek Kamčatky.

Historie

Šiveluč se začal tvořit zhruba před 60 000 až 70 000 lety (2010). V holocénu proběhlo alespoň 60 velkých erupcí. Během holocénu proběhlo nejintenzivnější období vulkanismu — včetně častých velkých a mírných erupcí — 6500–6400 př. n. l., 2250–2000 př. n. l. a 50–650 n. l. To se dělo současně s vrcholy sopečné činnosti dalších kamčatských sopek. Současné období činnosti sopky začalo zhruba 900 let př. n. l. Od té doby se intenzivní a mírnější období sopečné činnosti střídaly v 50letých až 400letých údobích. Katastrofální erupce se vyskytly v letech 1854 a 1956, kdy došlo ke zřícení velké části sopky a vytvořil se ničivý sesuv.

Poslední erupce Mladého Šiveluče začala 15. srpna 1999 a trvala přinejmenším do roku 2010.

6. dubna 2014 došlo v sopce Šiveluč k výstupu popela do výšky až 6 km[1]. Z toho důvodu byl v leteckém provozu pro danou oblast nastaven oranžový kód[2].

V úterý 11. dubna 2023 těsně po půlnoci místního času vulkán vybuchl a vychrlil popel do výšky až 20 km, na vesnice vzdálené 50 až 70 km a na plochu 108 000 km², nejvíce západním a jižním směrem. V okolních vesnicích vrstva popela dosahovala až 8,5 cm – nejvíce za šedesát let. Bylo vydáno varování před sopečnými bahnotoky (lahary).[3][4]

Popis

Šiveluč patří ke skupině sopek Ključevskaja. Sama sestává ze stratovulkánu Starý Šiveluč (Старый Шивелуч), z prastaré kaldery a aktivního Mladého Šiveluče (Молодой Шивелуч), s výškou 2800 metrů. Šiveluč je jednou z největších a nejaktivnějších vulkanických struktur. Jedná se o stratovulkán složený ze střídajících se vrstev zpevněného popela, utuhlé lávy a vulkanických hornin.

Nejbližší sídlo je Ključi, leží asi 50 km jihozápadně od sopky. Sídlo je dostatečně malé, aby mohlo být včas evakuováno v případě větší erupce.

Galerie

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Shiveluch na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. NEWIZV.RU. Камчатский вулкан Шивелуч выбросил пепел на высоту 6 км [online]. Новые Известия, 2014 [cit. 2014-04-06]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2014-04-07. (rusky) 
  2. AEX.RU. Вулкану Шивелуч на Камчатке присвоен оранжевый авиационный код [online]. Aviation Explorer, 2014 [cit. 2014-04-06]. Dostupné online. (rusky) 
  3. KILIÁN, Karel. Na Kamčatce vybuchla sopka Šiveluč. Vyvrhla prach do výšky 20 km a ohrožuje leteckou dopravu. VTM.cz [online]. Mladá fronta, 2023-04-12 [cit. 2023-04-12]. Dostupné online. 
  4. JEMELKA, Petr; ČTK. Unikátní záběry: Sopka na Kamčatce proměnila den v noc a z vesnic udělala tiramisu. Novinky.cz [online]. Seznam.cz [cit. 2023-04-12]. Dostupné online. 

Externí odkazy

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Flag of Russia.svg
Old flag of Russia from the Tsarist era. This variant is still used today.
Fire.svg
This is a solid red equilateral triangle, which can symbolize or indicate many things, including the the symbol for fire in the books by Franz Bardon.
2010 Activity at Shiveluch Volcano.jpg
In this satellite image of Shiveluch volcano, brown and tan debris—perhaps ash falls, perhaps mud from lahars—cover the southern landscape of the volcano, while the hills on the northern side remain covered in snow and ice.
Feb 2011 Pyroclastic Flow Remnants at Shiveluch Volcano.jpg
Shiveluch Volcano at Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on 25-02-2011, as recorded in false-color by Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA’s Terra satellite. Remnants of a large pyroclastic flow is seen on its slopes. ASTER detected heat from the flow during or shortly after an event on 25-01-2011. Note how the heat signatures from January line up with the dark surface deposits visible on February 25; those deposits cover more than 10 square kilometers (4 square miles). Light brown ash covers the snow above the flow deposits, and a tiny plume rises from Shiveluch’s growing lava dome. Vegetation surrounding the volcano is colored dark red.
Shiveluch eruption.jpg
Shiveluch Volcano, Russia eruption on May 9, 2004

image description here

Image Courtesy: NASA/MODIS Rapid Response System
Russia edcp relief location map.jpg
Autor: Uwe Dedering, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Location map of Russia.

EquiDistantConicProjection : Central parallel :

* N: 54.0° N

Central meridian :

* E: 100.0° E

Standard parallels:

* 1: 49.0° N
* 2: 59.0° N
Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.
Volcanic Plume over Shiveluch Volcano 2010-02-13.jpg
Evidence of current activity appeared at the summit of Shiveluch Volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula in mid-February 2010. A plume shot skyward while dark rivulets flowed down the volcano’s snowy slopes. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this image on February 13, 2010.

The plume, which may consist of a combination of water vapor, volcanic ash, and volcanic gases, ranges in color from white to charcoal gray. Dark flows on the snowy slopes could result from lava, mudflows, or pyroclastic flows—avalanches of hot gas and debris.

Shiveluch (also spelled Sheveluch) is a stratovolcano—a steep-sloped volcano composed of alternating layers of lava, ash, and rocks produced by previous eruptions. It ranks among Kamchatka’s most active volcanoes. In mid-February 2010, the Alaska Volcano Observatory reported that activity at Shiveluch, including a lava flow as well as ash plumes reaching an altitude of 5.2 kilometers (17,000 feet), had been elevated above background levels for days.
Plume from Shiveluch Volcano.jpg
The Shiveluch Volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula released a small plume of vapor as the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA’s Terra satellite passed overhead. The steam plume blowing northward away from the volcano nearly matches the snowy white surface of the surrounding land, but ash fall from earlier eruptions has stained the volcano’s slopes dark brown. In this kind of false-colour image, vegetation appears red.
Shiveluch - 10 July 2007 - iss015e16913.jpg

Photo of the Shiveluch volcano from the International Space Station.

Description from that site: ISS015-E-16913 (10 July 2007) --- Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka, Russian Far East is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 15 crewmember on the International Space Station. Shiveluch is one of the biggest and most active of a line of volcanoes along the spine of the Kamchatka peninsula in easternmost Russia. In turn the volcanoes and peninsula are part of the tectonically active "Ring of Fire" that almost surrounds the Pacific Ocean, denoted by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Shiveluch occupies the point where the northeast-trending Kamchatka volcanic line intersects the northwest-trending Aleutian volcanic line. Junctions such as this are typically points of intense volcanic activity. According to scientists, the summit rocks of Shiveluch have been dated at approximately 65,000 years old. Lava layers on the sides of the volcano reveal at least 60 major eruptions in the last 10,000 years, making it the most active volcano in the 2,200 kilometer distance that includes the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril island chain. Shiveluch rises from almost sea level to well above 3,200 metres (summit altitude 3,283 metres) and is often capped with snow. In this summer image however, the full volcano is visible, actively erupting ash and steam in late June or early July, 2007. The dull brown plume extending from the north of the volcano summit is most likely a combination of ash and steam (top). The two larger white plumes near the summit are dominantly steam, a common adjunct to eruptions, as rain and melted snow percolate down to the hot interior of the volcano. The sides of the volcano show many eroded stream channels. The south slope also reveals a long sloping apron of collapsed material, or pyroclastic flows. Such debris flows have repeatedly slid down and covered the south side of the volcano during major eruptions when the summit lava domes explode and collapse (this occurred during major eruptions in 1854 and 1964). Regrowth of the forest on the south slope (note the contrast with the eastern slope) has been foiled by the combined effects of continued volcanic activity, instability of the debris flows and the short growing season.
Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia - 12 April 2023 - Flickr - SentinelHub.jpg
Autor: Sentinel Hub, Licence: CC BY 2.0

Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2023], processed by Sentinel Hub/Pierre Markuse

Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia - 12 April 2023

Iimage is about 72 kilometres wide.

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Jan 2011 Activity at Shiveluch Volcano.jpg
This image shows the heat signature of a pyroclastic flow on Shiveluch as measured in thermal infrared light. The white area at the lava dome is very hot, while the red areas on the edge of the flow are just warmer than the surrounding snow.