Abbádovci
| Taifa Sevilla Reino Taifa de Sevilla (es) طائفة إشبيليّة
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Abbádovci byla islámská dynastie vládnoucí v 11. století ve španělské Seville. Jejím zakladatelem byl kadi Kásim Mohammad, který vládl v letech 1023–1042. Vyhlásil nezávislost na Córdobě a pustil se do obsazování okolních území. Ve výbojích pokračoval i jeho syn Abbád al-Mutadíd, vládnoucí v letech 1042–1068. Abbádův syn Mohammed al-Mutamid dokonce v roce 1068 dobyl Córdobu. Vůči této územní expanzi se postavil na odpor král Kastilie a Leónu Alfons VI., který však v roce 1086 podlehl spojeným silám Abbádovců a Almorávidů. Toto vítězství však znamenalo i konec této vládnoucí dynastie, protože vládu nad jejich územím převzali právě Almorávidé.
Členové
- Kásim Mohammad (1023–1042)
- Abbád al-Mutadíd (1042–1068)
- Mohammed al-Mutamid (?–1095)
Odkazy
Reference
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Abbádovci na slovenské Wikipedii.
Literatura
- Encyclopaedia Beliana (A-Belk). I. vydání. vyd. Banská Bystrica: Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV a Stredoslovenské vydavateľstvo, a. s., 1999. 696 s. ISBN 80-224-0554-X. číslo publikácie 3259. Kapitola A, s. 17.
Externí odkazy
Encyklopedické heslo Abbádovci v Ottově slovníku naučném ve Wikizdrojích
Média použitá na této stránce
(c) Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com, CC BY-SA 2.5
ISLAMIC DYNASTIES. Spanish Muluk al-Tawaif. 'Abbadids of Seville. al-Mutamid Muhammad. 1069-1091 AD.
- Billon Dirham (3.17 g). al-Andalus mint.
- The Kalimah
- Islamic legends.
- Billon Dirham (3.17 g). al-Andalus mint.
- Album 404. Vives y Escudero 978; Miles 575.
- VF, sharp strike, dark brown and earthen patina. Scarce.
Autor: Tyk based on Image:Iberian Peninsula base map.svg created by Redtony, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Taifa de Sevilla (S. XI)/ Emirate of Seville 11th c.
A white flag inscribed with the Shahada (in Maghrebi script).
This is supposedly a banner used by the Almoravid dynasty in Morocco (11th to 12th centuries). This claim is apparently due to an entry at the "Flags of the World" website:
- "The use of the flag in Morocco as a symbol of the state dates way back to the Almoravide dynasty (1062-1125 AD). Prior to this time, white silk banners were often carried in battle,sometimes with Koranic inscriptions written on them. The Almoravides institutionalized this practice. They gave one banner to every unit of 100 soldiers; the leaders always carried one inscribed: «There is no god but god, and Mohammad is His Prophet». The two following dynasties (the Merinides and the Saadiens) continued the use of the White flag as the symbol of the State." (Dov Gutterman, 17 Apr 1999)
Note that no source is being given for this claim, the best we can do at this point is say that we heard it from Dov Gutterman in 1999. Also note that the imlied claim that the modern form of the shahada was written on the flags.
This is not only unsubstatiated but also implausible, as medieval sources tend to give a longer form of the shahada, lā ilāha illā-llāh waḥdahu lā šarīka lahu, muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa rasūluhu. It is completely unclear when the modern form is first recorded, let alone when it can first be shown to have been written on a flag (the earliest positive reference we have for this in the en-wiki's shahada article is the earliest 20th century, possibly (without explicit reference) traceable to flags used by Wahhab in the 18th century.
Rectangular green flag. This flag should not be used to represent the Fatimid Caliphate. Note that the concept of rectangular national flags did not exist during Fatimid times, and that the dynastic color of the Fatimids was white, not green (just as black was the dynastic color of the Abbasids, etc.).