Americká arktická expedice
Americká arktická expedice či expedice Jeannette byla americká expedice vedená Georgem W. De Longem, která se neúspěšně pokusila dosáhnout severního pólu na lodi přes Beringův průliv (vycházela z tehdy populárního mylného předpokladu, že kolem severního pólu je volné moře).[1]
Výprava vyplula na lodi Jeannette ze San Francisca 8. července 1879. Dne 7. září uvízla v ledu a pokračovala dále driftováním s ledem. V květnu 1881 objevila dva z De Longových ostrovů. 13. června 1881 byla loď ledem rozdrcena a potopila se. Posádka vyrazila s pomocí člunů, zprvu tažených po ledu jako sáně, směrem k deltě řeky Leny.
Cestou k deltě zemřelo osm ze třiatřiceti členů výpravy, po přistání na břehu pak dalších dvanáct, včetně De Longa. Poslední tři z třinácti přeživších se vrátili do USA 13. září 1882.
Odkazy
Reference
- ↑ Lengthy Deployment: The Jeannette Expedition In Arctic Waters. public2.nhhcaws.local [online]. [cit. 2021-06-13]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)[nedostupný zdroj]
Literatura
- Berton, P. (1988). The Arctic Grail: the quest for the North West Passage and the North Pole, 1818–1909. New York: Viking. ISBN 9780670824915.
- Coleman, E. C. (2006). From Frobisher to Ross. The Royal Navy and Polar Exploration. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 9780752436609.
- Conway, M. (1906). No Man's Land: a history of Spitsbergen from its discovery. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 578465521.
- De Long, E., ed. (1884). The Voyage of the Jeanette: the ship and ice journals of George W. De Long. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 9262047.
- Fleming, F. (2002). Ninety Degrees North: the quest for the North Pole. London: Granta Books. ISBN 9781862075351.
- Guttridge, L. F. (1988). Icebound: the Jeannette expedition's quest for the North Pole. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 9781853100062.
- Holland, C., ed. (1999). On The Ice: the quest for the North Pole. London: Robinson. ISBN 9781841190990.
- Lovering, J., ed. (1869). Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (17th ed.). Cambridge: Lovering. OCLC 35986852.
- Melville, G. W. (1885). In the Lena Delta: a narrative of the search for De Long and his companions. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 800385092.
- Mills, W. J. (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576074220.
- Nansen, F. (1897). Farthest North: being a record of a voyage of exploration of the ship "Fram". New York: Harper & Brothers. OCLC 1045222348.
- Newcomb, R. (1882). Our Lost Explorers: the narrative of the Jeannette Arctic expedition. Hartford: American Publishing Co. OCLC 1050243399.
- Sides, H. (2014). In the Kingdom of Ice: the grand and terrible polar voyage of the USS Jeannette. London: Oneworld. ISBN 9781780745213.
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Americká arktická expedice na Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
Abandoning the Arctic Exploration Ship Jeanette on June 12th 1891, by James Gale Tyler.
A time-line of the expedition illustrates the enormity of the challenge the men faced. Publisher James Gordon Bennett, Jr. purchased the ship, previously the HMS Pandora, and allied with the U.S. Government to fund the expedition. The Jeanette left San Francisco on July 8, 1879 and was held fast in ice east of Wrangell Island by September. The ship drifted northwest in the ice for the rest of 1879, all of 1880 and landed at an island they named Henrietta Island, in honor of Bennett, on May 9, 1881. This was more than 600 miles from where they first became stuck. While trapped, the men led by Lieut. Commander George W. DeLong, Assistant Surgeon James Ambler, Lieut. Charles Chipp and Chief Engineer George W. Melville battled hunger and fierce atmospheric conditions, all while conducting their scientific assignments, hunting, and maintaining their ship.
In June 1881 the ice began to part, and hope surfaced that they might steam clear, but on June 12th the flows closed in with force and crushed the Jeanette, sinking her in less than one day. Shown here, the men pulled their meager supplies and three boats off the ship and prepared to make a 700-mile trek toward open water on the north Siberian Coast near the Lena River Delta. After almost three months, they reached the ocean and set out in the boats. Separated soon after by a storm, Chipp’s boat was lost, DeLong’s went off course and only one boat led by Melville found safety with local inhabitants. Two of DeLong’s group, Seamen Noros and Nindemann, managed to survive by setting out to find help for them all. Melville later returned to the Siberian Arctic to search for his lost captain, and found their last camp and the written journals DeLong had kept the entire trip, along with many sketches.