Anaplastický astrocytom

Anaplastický astrocytom
Anaplastic astrocytoma - very high mag - cropped.jpg
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Anaplastický astrocytom je vzácný zhoubný nádor mozku. Postihuje 4 lidi z 1 milionu.

Diagnóza

Anaplastický astrocytom se projevuje bolestmi hlavy, záchvaty, ohniskovým neurologickým deficitem, vzácněji částečným ochrnutím jedné poloviny těla, poruchou řeči a psychickými změnami. Užívá se CT a MRI.

Léčba

Léčba je vzhledem k difuzní (neohraničené) povaze nádoru komplikovaná a chirurgicky nelze nádor kompletně odstranit. Ozařování doplňuje léčbu. Chemoterapie se neprovádí. 23 % pacientů se dožije 5 let, přičemž starší pacienti umírají mnohem více v prvních letech po diagnóze.[1]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ NUÑO, Miriam; BIRCH, Kurtis; MUKHERJEE, Debraj; SARMIENTO, J. Manuel; BLACK, Keith L.; PATIL, Chirag G. Survival and Prognostic Factors of Anaplastic Gliomas. S. 458–465. Neurosurgery [online]. 2013-09-01 [cit. 2020-11-24]. Roč. 73, čís. 3, s. 458–465. DOI 10.1227/01.neu.0000431477.02408.5e. PMID 23719055. (anglicky) 

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Anaplastic astrocytoma - very high mag - cropped.jpg
Autor: Nephron, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Very high magnification micrograph of an anaplastic astrocytoma. H&E stain.

The typical features are present:

  • Marked nuclear atypia.
  • Elongated nuclei (consistent with derivation from an astrocyte ).
  • Mitoses.
  • Fine fibrillary processes (consistent with a glial cell population).
  • Cytoplasmic staining of atypical cells with GFAP.
  • p53 immunohistochemical stain positivity.
  • High proliferative rate based on Ki-67 staining.
  • Low mag.
    Low mag.
  • Intermed. mag.
    Intermed. mag.
  • High mag.
    High mag.
  • Very high mag.
    Very high mag.
  • GFAP. Very high mag.
    GFAP. Very high mag.
  • Ki-67. High mag.
    Ki-67. High mag.
  • p53. Very high mag.
    p53. Very high mag.