Anatolské bejliky
| Anatolské bejliky Anadolu beylikleri
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Geografie
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Zánik | 16. století – poslední bejlik anektován Osmanskou říší | ||||||||
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Anatolské bejliky (turecky Anadolu beylikleri, osmansky Tavâif-i mülûk) neboli turecké bejliky v Anatolii byly drobná nezávislá knížectví ve středověké Anatolii (Malé Asii) po zániku Seldžucké říše a předcházející Osmanské říši.
Původ bejliků sahá od konce 11. století, kdy byli správou nad různými částmi Seldžucké říši pověrováni regionální vládci zvaní bejové. Vznik nezávislých knížectví souvisel s rozpadem Seldžucké říši a zejména pak s rozpadem Rúmského sultanátu v druhé polovině 13. století. Tento proces pokračoval také ve století následujícím. Slabé a politicky rozdrobené bejliky uvolnili prostor pro vytvoření nové říše. Historicky předcházely Osmanské říši, která sama byla na počátku jedním z anatolských bejliků. Časem však Osmané zesílili natolik, aby si mohli postupně podmanit ostatní drobná knížectví a vytvořit z nich jednotný stát.
Seznam anatolských bejliků
Anatolské bejliky s vlajkami dle Katalánského atlasu:
Ajdin (1300–1425)- Ahiler (asi 1290–1362)
- Ahis ((1230–1392)
Alanye (1293–1471)- Bafra (14.století–1460)
Canik (kolem 1330–1460)- Çubuk (1085–1112)
- Danišmendovci (1071–1178)
- Dilmaç (1085–1398)
- Dulkadir (1348–1522)
Eretna (1335–1390)- Erzinkan (1379–1410)
- Eşref (13. století–1326)
- Germijan (1300–1429)
- Hamidovci (1300–1391)
- Inalovci (1085–1183)
- Chobánovci (1211–1309)
Kandar (1291–1461)
Karaman (1250–1487)
Karası (1296–1357)- Lâdik (1262–1391)
- Mengüjek (1072–1277)
Menteşe (1261–1424)- Osmanský bejlik (od 1299)
Teke (1321–1423)
Ramadovský bejlik- Sáhib Atovci (1275–1341)
- Saltukovci (1072–1202)
- Sarukhan (1300–1410)
- Šáhští Arméni (1110–1207)
- Sinopský bejlik (1277–1322)
- Smyrna (1081–1098)
- Tanrıbermiş (1071–1098)
Reference
Související články
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Anatolské bejliky na Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
Ottoman flag by Hieronymus Bosch.svg
Autor: BlinxTheKitty, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Possible flag or banner of the Ottoman Empire (or Ottoman army) according to Hieronymus (aka Jérôme) Bosch (crwflags.com), the painter lived in the Middle Ages (c. 1450–1516) in Brabant and some of his paintings show Ottoman flags. These are generally red with a white crescent. It was the end of the XVth century, when the Ottomans had just conquered Constantinople and thus ended the Byzantine Empire, that was a shock for the Christian world.
Autor: BlinxTheKitty, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Possible flag or banner of the Ottoman Empire (or Ottoman army) according to Hieronymus (aka Jérôme) Bosch (crwflags.com), the painter lived in the Middle Ages (c. 1450–1516) in Brabant and some of his paintings show Ottoman flags. These are generally red with a white crescent. It was the end of the XVth century, when the Ottomans had just conquered Constantinople and thus ended the Byzantine Empire, that was a shock for the Christian world.
Flag of Ilkhanate.svg
A Flag that represents the Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire in the Catalan Atlas, a primary source created in 1375. Actual use of this flag by the Ilkhanate is not confirmed by other sources.
A Flag that represents the Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire in the Catalan Atlas, a primary source created in 1375. Actual use of this flag by the Ilkhanate is not confirmed by other sources.
Flag of the Belik of Teke, Catalan Atlas 1375.svg
Autor:
Assets from File:Possible Flag of the Kingdom of Alodia (c. 1350).svg and File:Ondas heráldicas.svg, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Depiction of the flag of the Beylik of Teke from the Catalan Atlas. A very similar depiction is in the Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms.
Autor:
Assets from File:Possible Flag of the Kingdom of Alodia (c. 1350).svg and File:Ondas heráldicas.svg, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Depiction of the flag of the Beylik of Teke from the Catalan Atlas. A very similar depiction is in the Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms.
Flag of Semiso in Catalan atlas.svg
Flag of Candar according to the Catalan Atlas of 1375. Flag of Eretnids Emirate (Principality) (Source: The Image of the World on Old Portolans. The Black Sea Littoral from the End of the 13th — the 17th Centuries (in Russian) by Igor K. Fomenko).
Flag of Candar according to the Catalan Atlas of 1375. Flag of Eretnids Emirate (Principality) (Source: The Image of the World on Old Portolans. The Black Sea Littoral from the End of the 13th — the 17th Centuries (in Russian) by Igor K. Fomenko).
- WARNING: This image is highly speculative. The main source pointing to this design is the Catalan Atlas, (File:Abraham and Jehuda Cresques Catalan Atlas. Eastern Europe view from the south.C.jpg) which as a historical primary source cannot be considered a reliable reference, especially if it is the only source used. This image should not be added to articles without clearly indicating its speculative nature. Note that FOTW (where most of those flags on Commons are adapted from) is based on user contributions like Wikipedia, and hence not authoritative either.
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Beylicats d%u2019Anatolie vers 1330-en.svg
Autor: Lord Leatherface na projektu Wikipedie v jazyce turečtina — English translation by Morningstar1814 (diskuse), Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Anachronistic map of the anatolian beyliks that have existed at different points in time between the 13th and 15th centuries.
Autor: Lord Leatherface na projektu Wikipedie v jazyce turečtina — English translation by Morningstar1814 (diskuse), Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Anachronistic map of the anatolian beyliks that have existed at different points in time between the 13th and 15th centuries.
Flag of the Afshar Tribe.svg
Flag of the Afhsar Tribe and historical flag of Alaiye (modern-day Alanya) with Avsharid tamgha.
Flag of the Afhsar Tribe and historical flag of Alaiye (modern-day Alanya) with Avsharid tamgha.
Flag of Semiso.svg
Flag of Semiso
Flag of Semiso
Double-headed eagle of the Sultanate of Rum.svg
Autor: Samhanin, Licence: CC0
Double-headed eagle of the Sultanate of Rum
Autor: Samhanin, Licence: CC0
Double-headed eagle of the Sultanate of Rum
Flag of Konya Under Karamanid Rule.png
Autor: SnowyMercury455, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Flag of Konya in the Book of Knowledge of all Kingdoms
Autor: SnowyMercury455, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Flag of Konya in the Book of Knowledge of all Kingdoms
