Autokefální církev

(c) Goran tek-en, CC BY-SA 4.0
Časová osa organizace pravoslavných církví, včetně vyznačení jejich autokefality (k r. 2022)

Autokefální církev je společenství křesťanů, které je organizačně a právně nezávislé, nepodléhá tedy žádné vnější autoritě.

Charakteristika

Autokefalita je typická pro pravoslavné a orientální církve, organizované většinou na národním principu (např. Pravoslavná církev v českých zemích a na Slovensku, Pravoslavná církev Ukrajiny, Řecká pravoslavná církev, Ruská pravoslavná církev, Srbská pravoslavná církev apod.). V praxi se projevuje například tím, že zcela nezávisle ustanovují svého nejvyššího představitele (metropolitu či arcibiskupa). S dalšími církvemi však autokefální církve sdílejí věrouku, liturgii a kanonické právo.

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Autocephaly na anglické Wikipedii.

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Timeline of the History of the main autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches, E. Orthodox point of view (2022).svg
(c) Goran tek-en, CC BY-SA 4.0
This is the history of the main autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches presented as a timeline.

By "main", I (User:Veverve) mean a) churches wich were recognised as autocephalous by at least one other church - other church which is recognised as autocephalous by the other churches; b) churches which became part of churches wich were recognised as autocephalous by at least one other church - other church which is recognised as autocephalous by the other churches; c) the en:Orthodox Church of Ukraine (its case is complicated, see en:2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism). The UOC-KP after its departure from the OCU was included, because its departure was really soon after its merge, and because it was never clear if it was really part of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (see en:Conflict between Filaret and Epiphanius).
The timeline starts at the council of Chalcedon, as it appears the Church of Jerusalem was not autocephalous before this council, and the bishop of en:Ælia Capitolina (Jerusalem) was under the Metropolis of Caesarea; it is unclear under whom the Metropolis of Caesarea was under.
For the sake of brievity and clarity, the timeline has an E. Orthodox bias: all Churches are shown as being E. Orthodox since the Council of Chalcedon, with the Church of Rome starting being Roman Catholic in 1054.
The date of autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church may vary wildly depending on the source you look at. I used the latest date which is given in The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity (art. 'Georgia, Patriarchal Orthodox Church of'). John Wiley & Sons. 2011. See this section of the Wikipedia article. The Georgian Orthodox Church's juridictional origin is almost all the time considered as being the Church of Antioch, but once, at the fr:Exarchat de Géorgie, I found the Church of Constantinople as the mother Church of Georgia.


The en:Oriental Orthodox Churches are not shown, because their presence is outside the scope of this timeline.