Chivský chanát
Chivský chanát خیوه خانلیگی
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Rozloha | 67 521 km² (rok 1911) | ||||||
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Státní útvary a území | |||||||
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Chivský chanát (uzbecky خیوه خانلیگی – Xiva xonligi; persky خانات خیوه) byl nezávislý a později polonezávislý chanát turkického národa Uzbeků v Asii v oblasti dolního povodí Amudarji. Existoval v letech 1512 až 1920, přičemž v letech 1740–1746 byl okupován perským šáhem Nádirem a od roku 1873 byl protektorátem Ruského impéria. Hlavním městem byl nejprve Kuňja-Urgenč, ale v důsledku změny toku Amudarji v roce 1576 se zhruba do roku 1620 stala hlavním městem Chiva.
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V návaznosti na říjnovou revoluci v Rusku abdikoval v únoru 1920 poslední chán a na území chanátu byla 26. dubna 1920 vyhlášena Chórezmská lidová sovětská republika. Ta byla o pár let později rozdělena mezi Turkmenskou SSR a Uzbeckou SSR, z kterých později vznikly moderní Turkmenistán a Uzbekistán.
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Chivský chanát na Wikimedia Commons
Encyklopedické heslo Chíva v Ottově slovníku naučném ve Wikizdrojích
Média použitá na této stránce
Old flag of Russia from the Tsarist era. This variant is still used today.
Autor:
- Turkestan_1900-es.svg: Wassily / Translator:Molorco
- derivative work: HylgeriaK (talk)
Russian Turkestan in 1900
Autor: Samhanin, Licence: CC0
Flag of the Khanate of Khiva, "The museum of Khiva displays (vertically) the flag used by the khanate of Khiva during the civil war (1917-1922). The khanate, which had been annexed by Russia in 1873, proclaimed independence on 13 February 1917. In 1918, the khan was overthrown by a Turkmen chief. Then began a period of anarchy. The protectorate of Khiva was suppressed on 9 April 1919 and Khiva was included in the new Republic of Khorezm, created by the Soviets on 26 April 1920."
Flag of the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
Fictional flag of the Khivan Khanate.
Autor: User:Stannered, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
TIMURID THREE ANNULETS SYMBOL:
Three annulets symbol of the Timurids. See article [1] for precise discussion.
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FROM THE CATALAN ATLAS:
In the Catalan Atlas (1375), only this flag is used for Eastern Mongol dominions, and it corresponds to the Mongol Yuan dynasty, not the Timurid Empire, which is not mentioned in the Catalan Atlas and was created too late (1370) to appear in the Catalan Atlas anyway.
STUDY OF THE FLAG by Yuka Kadoi, Faculty Member, University of Vienna ( (2010). "On the Timurid flag". Beiträge zur islamischen Kunst und Archäologie 2: 148.):
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Yuka Kadoi studied the possibility that the "brown or originally silver flag with three circles or balls" in the Catalan Atlas could be associated with the "earlier dominions of the Timurid Empire", specifically referencing a flag shown over the city is camull (Khamil) in Xinjiang. She also quotes Ruy González de Clavijo (d. 1412), a Spanish ambassador who visited the Timurid court in 1404, who describes a a relevant emblematic design adopted by Timur:
"The special armorial bearing of Timur is the three circlets set thus to shape a triangle, which same it is said signifies that he Timur is lord of all three quarters of the world. This device Timur has ordered to be set on the coins that he has stuck, and on all buildings that he has erected (…) These three circlets which, as said, are like the letter O thrice repeated to form a triangle, further are the imprint of Timur’s seal, and again by his special order are added so as to be seen patent on all the coins stuck by those princes who are become tributary to his government."
She also notes the existence of Timur umbrella detail with three-dots decorative motif.
Some contemporary coins from Samarkand also have the three dots as a motif. [2]
Beyond this, scant confirmation.
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