Crew Dragon Demo 2
Crew Dragon Demo 2 | |
---|---|
Údaje o lodi | |
Typ | Crew Dragon |
Výrobní číslo | C206 (Crew Dragon Endeavour) |
COSPAR | 2020-033A |
Výrobce | SpaceX |
Údaje o letu | |
Členů posádky | 2 |
Datum startu | 30. květen 2020, 19:22 UTC |
Kosmodrom | Kennedy Space Center |
Vzletová rampa | LC-39A |
Nosná raketa | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
Délka letu | 63 dní, 23 hodin a 25 minut |
Datum přistání | 2. srpna 2020, 18:48 UTC |
Místo přistání | Mexický záliv |
Spojení se stanicí | |
Spojení se stanicí | Harmony, PMA-2: 31. května 2020, 14:27 UTC |
Délka spojení | 62 dní, 9 hodin a 8 minut |
Odlet ze stanice | 1. srpna 2020, 23:35 UTC |
Fotografie posádky | |
Astronauti Robert Behnken (nalevo) a Douglas Hurley (napravo) na palubě lodi Crew Dragon | |
Navigace | |
Předchozí DM-1 Následující Crew-1 |
Crew Dragon Demo 2 (alternativně SpX DM-2) byl druhý testovací let americké kosmické lodi typu Crew Dragon k Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici (ISS) a zároveň první pilotovaný let této lodi.[1][2] Start úspěšně proběhl 30. května 2020.[3][4] Loď byla vynesena raketou Falcon 9 Block 5 z Kennedyho vesmírného střediska k ISS, kam o den později dopravila dva členy návštěvnické posádky.[5] Po dvouměsičním pobytu ve vesmíru přistála 2. srpna 2020 ve 18:48 UTC v Mexickém zálivu poblíž města Pensacola u severozápadního pobřeží Floridy, kde ji vyzvedla loď GO Navigator.
Tato mise se stala prvním pilotovaným vesmírným letem startujícím z USA od poslední mise raketoplánu v roce 2011[6] a dopravila tak nazpět americkou vlaječku, kterou za tím účelem na ISS zanechala posádka letu STS-135.
Kosmická loď Crew Dragon
Crew Dragon je kosmická loď pro lety s posádkou navržená v rámci programu NASA CCDev, (Commercial Crew Development) společností SpaceX, především pro dopravu astronautů na Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici. SpaceX ale loď používá i pro další účely mimo spolupráci s NASA (komerční programy Inspiration4, Axiom Space a Polaris).
Crew Dragon tvoří znovupoužitelná kabina kónického tvaru a nástavec v podobě dutého válce (tzv. trunk). V kabině je hermetizovaný prostor o objemu 9,3 m3, v němž lze umístit sedačky až pro sedm osob (NASA pro lety k ISS využívá 4 místa). Nástavec je možné využít pro dopravu nákladu, který nemusí být umístěn v hermetizovaném prostoru (např. zařízení určeného pro umístění na vnější straně ISS, tedy v otevřeném kosmickém prostoru. Sestava kabiny a nástavce ve startovní pozici měří na výšku 8,1 metru a v průměru má 4 metry.
Příprava a průběh letu
V srpnu roku 2018 byl start plánován na nejdříve duben 2019.[7] V téže době se objevily informace, že se prověřuje možnost změnit původní testovací let na plnohodnotný let, který by na stanici dopravil dlouhodobou expedici.[8] Takový postup byl zvolen u prvního pilotovaného letu lodi CST-100 Starliner od společnosti Boeing. V říjnu 2018 byl oznámen odklad na červen 2019.[9] V únoru 2019 byl oznámen odklad na červenec 2019.[10]
Dne 20. dubna 2019 došlo k anomálii při testu motorů kabiny C201, ta byla při nehodě zcela zničena. Tato kabina byla předtím použita při nepilotovaném letu Crew Dragon Demo 1 a měla být použita znovu pro test záchranného systému lodi, který měl simulovat selhání rakety za letu. Nehoda způsobila, že kabina C203, původně plánovaná pro první pilotovaný let, byla přesunuta na test záchranného systému a pro let DM-2 byla použita kabina C204.[11] Nehoda také způsobila další odklad mise.
V dubnu 2020 byl start mise naplánován na středu 27. května 2020 20:33 UTC.[12] Posádka měla podle původních plánů na ISS strávit asi 14 dní, později ale bylo oznámeno, že posádka projde dodatečným tréninkem a mise bude trvat několik měsíců.[13]
První pokus o start byl zrušen 16 minut a 54 sekund před plánovaným vzletem, kvůli nepříznivému počasí, způsobenému tropickou bouří Bertha. Náhradní termín byl stanoven na sobotu 30. května 2020 19:22 UTC,[14] kdy kosmická loď úspěšně odstartovala.[3] Po asi 19 hodinách letu pak 31. května ve 14:16 UTC zadokovala u ISS.[5]
Od ISS se loď odpojila 1. srpna 2020 ve 23:35 UTC. Dragon měl podle původních předpokladů přistát v Atlantském oceánu poblíž Floridy.[15] Tento plán byl ale změněn a 2. srpna 2020 v 18:48 UTC přistála loď na hladině Mexického zálivu.
Posádka
Hlavní posádka:[16]
- Douglas Hurley (3), NASA - velitel
- Robert Behnken (3), NASA - pilot
V závorkách je uveden dosavadní počet letů do vesmíru včetně této mise.
Záložní posádka:[17]
- Michael Hopkins (2), NASA
- Victor Glover (1), NASA
Galerie
- Velitel mise – Doug Hurley.
- Pilot mise – Bob Benkhen.
- Vývoz rakety Falcon 9 s lodí Crew Dragon na startovací rampu.
- Vývoz rakety Falcon 9 s lodí Crew Dragon na startovací rampu.
- Raketa Falcon 9 s lodí Crew Dragon na startovací rampě.
- Raketa Falcon 9 s lodí Crew Dragon na startovací rampě.
- Statický zážeh před misí Demo-2.
- Start mise Demo-2.
- Start mise Demo-2.
- Start mise Demo-2.
- Přílet lodi Crew Dragon k ISS během mise Demo-2.
- Přílet lodi Crew Dragon k ISS během mise Demo-2.
- Přistání lodi Crew Dragon během mise Demo-2.
- Přistání lodi Crew Dragon během mise Demo-2.
- Kosmická loď Crew Dragon po přistání.
- Kosmická loď Crew Dragon po přistání.
- Kosmická loď Crew Dragon po přistání.
- Posádka mise Demo-2 po přistání.
Odkazy
Reference
- ↑ Tito lidé osedlají soukromé lodě. www.kosmonautix.cz [online]. 2018-08-03 [cit. 2018-08-06]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Crew Dragon má několik nedořešených problémů, ale známe jména astronautů, které dopraví na ISS – ElonX. ElonX [online]. 2018-08-05 [cit. 2018-08-06]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ a b Raketa Falcon 9 s vesmírnou lodí Crew Dragon a dvěma astronauty odstartovala z Floridy. Deník N [online]. 2020-05-30 [cit. 2020-05-30]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Poprvé za dekádu vyšle NASA americké astronauty do vesmíru. Loď Crew Dragon vystartuje na konci května. iROZHLAS [online]. Český rozhlas [cit. 2020-04-19]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ a b VŠETEČKA, Roman; ČTK. Astronauté z Crew Dragonu jsou na palubě Mezinárodní vesmírné stanice. iDNES.cz [online]. 2020-05-30. Dostupné online.
- ↑ SpaceX Crew Dragon Arrives for Demo-2 Mission – SpaceX. blogs.nasa.gov [online]. [cit. 2020-02-15]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ NASA’s Commercial Crew Program Target Test Flight Dates – Commercial Crew Program. blogs.nasa.gov [online]. [cit. 2019-06-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ BAYLOR, Michael. @nextspaceflight [online]. 2018T10:43 [cit. 2019-06-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ HEINEY, Anna. Commercial Crew Launch Dates to be Updated More Regularly. NASA [online]. 2018-10-04 [cit. 2019-06-27]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2019-06-17.
- ↑ NASA, Partners Update Commercial Crew Launch Dates – Commercial Crew Program. blogs.nasa.gov [online]. [cit. 2019-06-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ WATCH, NASA. @nasawatch [online]. 2019T11:33 [cit. 2019-06-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Poprvé za dekádu vyšle NASA americké astronauty do vesmíru. Loď Crew Dragon vystartuje na konci května. iROZHLAS [online]. Český rozhlas [cit. 2020-04-19]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ CLARK, Stephen. Bridenstine says Crew Dragon could launch with astronauts at end of May – Spaceflight Now [online]. [cit. 2020-04-19]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ NASA na poslední chvíli odložila start Crew Dragon k vesmírné stanici. Plány zhatilo nevlídné počasí. iROZHLAS [online]. Český rozhlas [cit. 2020-05-28]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ NASA plans early August return of Crew Dragon from space station. SpaceNews [online]. 2020-07-17 [cit. 2020-07-19]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)[nedostupný zdroj]
- ↑ Launch America - a partnership between NASA and private space companies – will help open the space above Earth to people besides government astronauts.. NASA [online]. [cit. 2020-05-28]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ CREW, NASA Commercial. @Commercial_Crew [online]. 2019T11:17 [cit. 2020-05-28]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
Externí odkazy
- Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Crew Dragon Demo 2 na Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
Logo of SpaceX's Falcon 9 launch vehicle, as featured on the fuselage of the vehicle itself. The logo depicts the outline of the top of a Falcon's head, using two red stream-like shapes implying a trail. Recreated in Inkscape 0.92, referencing File:Falcon 9 logo by SpaceX.png, uploaded by User:JFG.
Logo of SpaceX's Falcon Heavy launch vehicle, as featured on the fuselage of the vehicle itself. The logo depicts the outline of the top of a Falcon's head, using two red stream-like shapes implying a trail. Recreated in Inkscape 0.92, referencing File:Falcon 9 logo by SpaceX.png, uploaded by User:JFG.
NASA astronaut Douglas Hurley rehearses putting on his SpaceX spacesuit in the Astronaut Crew Quarters inside the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 23, 2020, during a full dress rehearsal ahead of NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission to the International Space Station. This will be SpaceX’s final flight test for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. Hurley and fellow crew member Robert Behnken will fly to theorbiting laboratory in a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, launching atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A. Liftoff is scheduled for 4:33 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, May 27.
NASA astronauts Robert Behnken, left, and Douglas Hurley are seen inside the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX GO Navigator recovery ship shortly after having landed in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2020. The Demo-2 test flight for NASA's Commercial Crew Program was the first to deliver astronauts to the International Space Station and return them safely to Earth onboard a commercially built and operated spacecraft. Behnken and Hurley returned after spending 64 days in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
iss063e021563 (May 31, 2020) --- Astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken of NASA's Commercial Crew Program were aboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon as it approached the International Space Station. The Crew Dragon's nose cone is open revealing the spacecraft's docking mechanism that would connect to the Harmony module's forward International Docking Adapter.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and Crew Dragon spacecraft lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 30, 2020, carrying NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley to the International Space Station for the agency’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission. Liftoff occurred at 3:22 p.m. EDT. Behnken and Hurley are the first astronauts to launch from U.S. soil to the space station since the end of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, this will be SpaceX’s final flight test, paving the way for the agency to certify the crew transportation system for regular, crewed flights to the orbiting laboratory.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and Crew Dragon spacecraft lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 30, 2020, carrying NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley to the International Space Station for the agency’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission. Liftoff occurred at 3:22 p.m. EDT. Behnken and Hurley are the first astronauts to launch from U.S. soil to the space station since the end of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, this will be SpaceX’s final flight test, paving the way for the agency to certify the crew transportation system for regular, crewed flights to the orbiting laboratory.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft onboard is seen prior to being raised into a vertical position on the launch pad at Launch Complex 39A as preparations continue for the Demo-2 mission, Thursday, May 21, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission is the first launch with astronauts of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. The flight test will serve as an end-to-end demonstration of SpaceX’s crew transportation system. Behnken and Hurley are scheduled to launch at 4:33 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, May 27, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. A new era of human spaceflight is set to begin as American astronauts once again launch on an American rocket from American soil to low-Earth orbit for the first time since the conclusion of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Autor: SpaceX, Licence: CC0
NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission will return U.S human spaceflight to the International Space Station from U.S. soil with astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley on an American rocket and spacecraft for the first time since 2011. In March 2020, at a SpaceX processing facility on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, SpaceX successfully completed a fully integrated test of critical crew flight hardware ahead of Crew Dragon’s second demonstration mission to the International Space Station for NASA's Commercial Crew Program; the first flight test with astronauts onboard the spacecraft. Behnken and Hurley participated in the test, which included flight suit leak checks, spacecraft sound verification, display panel and cargo bin inspections, seat hardware rotations, and more
Support teams arrive at the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard, shortly after it splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, on Aug. 2, 2020, for the agency’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission. In the background is the SpaceX GO Navigator recovery ship, where Crew Dragon was taken for Behnken and Hurley to exit the capsule. The final flight test for SpaceX under NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, Demo-2 will pave the way for the agency to certify the company’stransportation system for regular, crewed flights to the orbiting laboratory.
iss063e021463 (May 31, 2020) --- Astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken of NASA's Commercial Crew Program were aboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon as it approached the International Space Station. The Crew Dragon's nose cone is open revealing the spacecraft's docking mechanism that would connect to the Harmony module's forward International Docking Adapter.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, with the Crew Dragon atop, stands poised for launch at historic Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 21, 2020, ahead of NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission. The rocket and spacecraft will carry NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program, returning human spaceflight capability to the U.S. after nearly a decade. This will be SpaceX’s final flight test, paving the way for NASA to certify the crew transportation system for regular, crewed flights to the orbiting laboratory. Launch is slated for 4:33 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, May 27.
NASA astronaut Robert Behnken rehearses putting on his SpaceX spacesuit in the Astronaut Crew Quarters inside the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 23, 2020, during a full dress rehearsal ahead of NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission to the International Space Station. This will be SpaceX’s final flight test for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. Behnken and fellow crew member Douglas Hurley will fly to the orbiting laboratory in a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, launching atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A. Liftoff is scheduled for 4:33 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, May 27.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft onboard is seen on the launch pad at Launch Complex 39A during a brief static fire test ahead of NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission, Friday, May 22, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission is the first launch with astronauts of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. The test flight serves as an end-to-end demonstration of SpaceX’s crew transportation system. Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley are scheduled to launch at 4:33 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, May 27, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. A new era of human spaceflight is set to begin asAmerican astronauts once again launch on an American rocket from American soil to low-Earth orbit for the first time since the conclusion of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft onboard is seen on the launch pad at Launch Complex 39A as preparations continue for the Demo-2 mission, Monday, May 25, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission is the first launch with astronauts of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. The test flight serves as an end-to-end demonstration of SpaceX’s crew transportation system. Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley are scheduled to launch at 4:33 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, May 27, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. A new era of human spaceflight is set to begin as American astronauts once again launch on an American rocket from American soil to low-Earth orbit for the first time since the conclusion of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Rollout of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket and Crew Dragon capsule before the DM-2 mission to the ISS
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft is launched from Launch Complex 39A on NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission to the International Space Station with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard, Saturday, May 30, 2020, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Demo-2 mission is the first launch with astronauts of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. The test flight serves as an end-to-end demonstration of SpaceX’s crew transportation system. Behnken and Hurley launched at 3:22 p.m. EDT on Saturday, May 30, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy SpaceCenter. A new era of human spaceflight is set to begin as American astronauts once again launch on an American rocket from American soil to low-Earth orbit for the first time since the conclusion of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
The SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley inside, is seen aboard SpaceX’s GO Navigator recovery ship shortly after splashing down in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, on Aug. 2, 2020. Behnken and Hurley spent 62 days aboard the International Space Station for NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission, becoming the first astronauts to launch to the orbitinglaboratory from U.S. soil since the end of the shuttle program in 2011. The final flight test for SpaceX, Demo-2 will pave the way for the agency to certify the company’s transportation system for regular, crewed flights to the orbiting laboratory.
KSC-20200802-MH-MTD01-0001-SpaceX_Demo-
NASA broadcast the return of the agency’s SpaceX Demo-2 test flight with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley from the International Space Station – the first splashdown of an American crew spacecraft in 45 years. Ongoing live coverage is airing on NASA Television and the agency’s website. Their return began at 7:35 p.m. EDT Saturday, Aug. 1, when the Crew Dragon spacecraft autonomously undocked from the International Space Station’s Harmony module for a splashdown at 2:48 p.m. in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Pensacola, Florida.Support teams arrive at the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour spacecraft shortly after it landed with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2020. The Demo-2 test flight for NASA's Commercial Crew Program was the first to deliver astronauts to the International Space Station and return them safely to Earth onboard a commercially built and operated spacecraft. Behnken and Hurley returned after spending 64 days in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Autor: Giuseppe De Chiara (Archipeppe68), Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Crew Dragon Docking Configuration
The SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour spacecraft is seen as it lands with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2020. The Demo-2 test flight for NASA's Commercial Crew Program was the first to deliver astronauts to the International Space Station and return them safely to Earth onboard a commercially built and operated spacecraft. Behnken and Hurley returned after spending 64 days in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)