Franz Kutschera
Franz Kutschera | |
---|---|
Varšavský kat | |
Kutschera okolo roku 1938 | |
Narození | 22. února 1904 Oberwaltersdorf, Dolní Rakousko |
Úmrtí | 1. února 1944 (ve věku 39 let) Varšava, Polsko |
Vojenská kariéra | |
Hodnost | SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei |
Doba služby | 1931–1944 |
Sloužil | Výmarská republika (do roku 1933) Třetí říše |
Složka | SS (do roku 1944) Ordnungspolizei (do roku 1944) |
Jednotka | 6. horská divize |
Velel | Šéf SS a policie ve Varšavě |
Války | Druhá světová válka |
Bitvy | Bitva o Francii |
Vyznamenání | Železný kříž I. třídy Železný kříž II. třídy Zlatý stranický odznak |
multimediální obsah na Commons |
Franz Kutschera (22. února 1904 – 1. února 1944) byl rakouský nacista, válečný zločinec, důstojník SS a policie v hodnosti SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei. Nechvalně proslul jako velitel SS a policie v okupované Varšavě. Znám též jako Varšavský kat.
Vyznačoval se neobvyklou ukrutností i na poměry panující v okupovaném Polsku, pravidelně pořádal veřejně přístupné masové popravy a praktikoval braní a popravy rukojmích ve velkém. Polský podzemní stát jej za ukrutnosti a masové vraždy páchané na polském národě odsoudil k smrti. Popravu vykonala na příkaz generála Fieldorfa, velitele Kedywu, zvláštní jednotka Agat, složená z harcerů Šedých řad (viz Akce Kutschera).
Shrnutí kariéry
Data povýšení
- SS-Hauptscharführer – únor, 1933
- SS-Untersturmführer – 9. listopad, 1935
- SS-Obersturmführer – 9. listopad, 1936
- SS-Sturmbannführer – 14. září, 1937
- SS-Obersturmbannführer – 16. březen, 1938
- SS-Standartenführer – 25. červen, 1938
- SS-Oberführer – 30. leden, 1939
- Offiziersanwärter-Oberjäger – 10. březen, 1940
- SS-Brigadeführer – 9. listopad, 1940
- Generalmajor der Polizei – 9. listopad, 1942
Významná vyznamenání
- Železný kříž I. třídy – 14. únor, 1943
- Železný kříž II. třídy – 14. únor, 1943
- Zlatý stranický odznak – 30. leden, 1939
- Medaile za východní frontu
- Válečný záslužný kříž I. třídy bez mečů
- Válečný záslužný kříž II. třídy bez mečů
- Medaile za Anschluss
- Služební vyznamenání NSDAP v bronzu
- Čestný prýmek starého bojovníka
- Civilní odznak SS
- Totenkopfring
- Čestná dýka Reichsführera-SS
Galerie
- Stefan Bałuk: Smuteční pohřební průvod Franze Kutschery na Adolf-Hitler-Platz (Piłsudského náměstí) ve Varšavě. Fotografie pořízena z paláce Saski. Nacista Kutschera byl nám též jako Varšavský kat.
- Stefan Bałuk: Smuteční pohřební průvod Franze Kutschery na Adolf-Hitler-Platz (Piłsudského náměstí), 4. února 1944
Externí odkazy
- Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Franz Kutschera na Wikimedia Commons
- (polsky) Specjalna operacja bojowa Kutschera – stránka věnovaná likvidaci Kutschery
Média použitá na této stránce
Autor: Dragovit (of the collage), Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Both national flags of Austro-Hungary, the collage of flags of the Cisleithania (Habsburg Monarchy) and the Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary)
Flag for the National Defence Minister of Weimar Republic (1921–1933).
Flag of the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo), "order police" or "the green police" in Nazi Germany 1936–1945; Command flag of the Chief of the Order Police; Flag with a wreathed golden "police eagle" (Polizeiadler), the police version of the "eagle-and-swastika" of the Nazi Party and the Third Reich.
Flag of the Nazi Ordnungspolizei (Orpo) "Order Police", the name for the uniformed regular German police force in existence during the period of Nazi Germany 1936–1945. Based on image at [1] and the [Image:Ordnungspolizei_Flag.jpg] on wikipedia
Autor: Rama, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr
Rank insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches to the CO-rank “SS-Sturmbannfuehrer” until 1945.
Autor: Rama, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr
Rang insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches to the CO-rank “SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer” until 1945.
Autor: Mintz l, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Rank insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches to the CO-rank “SS-Standartenfuehrer” .
Autor: Mintz l, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Rang insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches for officer rank “SS-Oberfuehrer”.
Ribbon bar: Iron Cross 1st Class 1935-1945 (Third Reich).
Ribbon bar: Iron Cross 2nd Class 1935-1945 (Third Reich).
Планка Золотой партийный знак НСДАП
Ribbon bar: Eastern Front Medal – 3rd Reich.
Ribbon bar: German (3rd Reich) War Merit Cross 1st Class.
Ribbon bar: German (3rd Reich) War Merit Cross 2nd Class.
Autor: Realismadder, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
The ribbon bar for the Anschluss medal, awarded to German military personnel, German officials, Austrian members of the NSDAP and other austrians who participated in the annexation (Anschluss) of Austria in March 1938.
Лента Медали за выслугу лет НСДАП
Autor: Rama, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr
Weapons of honour of t he Third Reich until 1945, here “Honorary-dagger of the SS” with handle and scabbard.
Rank insignia of the Waffen-SS to tress articles with shoulder boards (jacked service uniform, until 1945); here cuff insignia (left upper arm), single chevron to the rank:
- SS-Sturmmann, today NATO OR-2 comparable.
Autor: Rama, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr
Rang insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches to the NCO-rank/ Officer Aspirant rank “SS-Hauptscharfuehrer/SS-Standartenoberjunker” until 1945.
Franz Kutschera (* 22. Februar 1904 in Oberwaltersdorf, Niederösterreich; † 1. Februar 1944 in Warschau, Polen) Reichstagsabgeordneter und SS-Brigadeführer
Franz Kutschera's funeral procession in Adolf-Hitler-Platz (Piłsudskiego Square) in Warsaw
Autor: Agibaer, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
SS-Zivilabzeichen (civli badge) of Hermann R. Senkowsky
Autor: Harolddd, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Rang insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches to the Officers rank “SS-Untersturmfuehrer” until 1945.
Autor: Rama, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr
Rang insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches to the CO-rank “SS-Obersturmfuehrer” until 1945.
A poster from the Nazi German authorities in Warsaw listing the names of 60 Polish hostages who had been publicly shot following attacks on two members of the German Wehrmacht and four collaborators, and listing the names of 40 more hostages who would be executed at a ratio of at least 10 to 1 if further attacks occur.
Translationː
NOTICE
Despite my repeated warnings, cowardly attacks on Germans and persons in German service were again carried out in the city of Warsaw on 10 November 1943. A Wehrmacht member was seriously injured on Obozowa Street, another Wehrmacht member [was seriously injured] on Nowy Świat Street, a factory security guard was shot on Lochowska Street, a Polish police officer was killed in św. Wincenty Street, and two Polish police officers were seriously injured on Redutowa Street and Kepna Street. I therefore allowed the following sixty people, who had been convicted by the Security Police court and who were expected to be given clemency, to be publicly executed by shooting on 12 November 1943:
[list of 60 names]
Furthermore, the Security Police court, under sections 1 and 2 of the Ordinance on Combatting Attacks Against the German Reconstruction Effort in the General Government of 10 October 1943, sentenced the following to death for possession of weapons and participation in banned organizations on 12 November 1943:
[list of 40 names]
The convicts listed under numbers 1 to 40 have prospects of clemency. However, if, in the next three months, in the territory of the City of Warsaw and the District of Warsaw-Land, acts of violence (especially attacks against Germans, citizens of states allied with the Greater German Reich, or non-Germans working in the interests of the reconstruction of the General Government) are committed, then -- if the perpetrator is not caught immediately -- these convicts with prospects of clemency will be executed, in such a way that at least ten will be executed for each such person [attacked].
If the deed is committed by communist elements, clemency will be denied to Communists from the aforementioned group; if the deed is committed by other misguided elements, clemency will be denied to those who are politically close to them.
It is therefore up to the non-German population to ensure that the sentence is not carried out by immediately arresting or arranging for the arrest of the perpetrator, by acting against misguided elements known to them, or by reporting suspicious persons.
Warsaw, 13 November 1943
The SS- and Polizeiführer in the District of WarsawAutor: Mintz l, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Rang insignia of the SS/Waffen-SS, here universal collar patches of “SS-Brigadefuehrer”.
Franz Kutschera's funeral procession in Adolf-Hitler-Platz (Piłsudskiego Square) in Warsaw. Picture taken from the Saski Palace