Hypogeum
Hypogeum v Perugii- řez laserovým skenem
Hypogeum (z řeckého hypo „pod“ a gaia „země“, tedy pod zemí ležící) je podzemní obřadní prostor (chrám) nebo hrobka.[1]
K nejznámějším patří:
- Hypogeum Silivri-Kapi v Istanbulu
- Hypogeum Flaviorum v Itálii
- Hypogeum Ħal Saflieni na Maltě
- Brochtorff Circle na maltském ostrově Gozo
Ne všechny podzemní stavby, které sloužily kultovním obřadům a náboženským rituálům, se označují jako hypogeum. Jedná se např. o (křesťanské) katakomby, pohanská mithrea, etruské hrobky nebo korsická tafonia; i suterénní stavby na Britských ostrovech (fogus) a systém chodeb v Alpách jako hypogeum nejsou označovány, protože je u nich stále ještě sporná jejich funkce. Stejně tak sem většinou nejsou počítány studnové chrámy na Sicílii, i když se tak jmenují (Ipogeo di San Salvatore, Ipogeo De Beaumont Bonelli Bellacicco).[zdroj?]
Reference
- ↑ Hypogeum. ABZ.cz: slovník cizích slov [online]. [cit. 2021-01-20]. Dostupné online.
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu hypogeum na Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
Hypogeum cyark 1.jpg
Autor: CyArk, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
3D view, facing west, of the Hypogeum of the Volumnis, Perugia, Italy, cut from a laser scan. A small vestibule rests atop the Hypogeum, containing several artifacts from surrounding tombs and a door to the steep staircase shown here. This is the only entrance to the tomb of the Velimna family (translated to Volumnius in Roman); it descends 5.3 meters underground over 30 steps through a travertine doorway into the main central chamber, or atrium. From this point the layout of the Hypogeum mimics a traditional Etruscan house, bordered by lateral chambers (two alae and six cellae) with a tablinum at the far end of the chamber. Of particular note is the form of the ceiling of the central atrium. Here the carved limestone ceiling explicitly mimics the interior form of the traditional wood framed Etruscan house, sloped in two directions from a central ridge beam, complete with correctly placed rafters, joists, and planks. The ceilings of the right ala and the tablinum likewise have the forms of coffered ceilings constructed of wood.
Autor: CyArk, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
3D view, facing west, of the Hypogeum of the Volumnis, Perugia, Italy, cut from a laser scan. A small vestibule rests atop the Hypogeum, containing several artifacts from surrounding tombs and a door to the steep staircase shown here. This is the only entrance to the tomb of the Velimna family (translated to Volumnius in Roman); it descends 5.3 meters underground over 30 steps through a travertine doorway into the main central chamber, or atrium. From this point the layout of the Hypogeum mimics a traditional Etruscan house, bordered by lateral chambers (two alae and six cellae) with a tablinum at the far end of the chamber. Of particular note is the form of the ceiling of the central atrium. Here the carved limestone ceiling explicitly mimics the interior form of the traditional wood framed Etruscan house, sloped in two directions from a central ridge beam, complete with correctly placed rafters, joists, and planks. The ceilings of the right ala and the tablinum likewise have the forms of coffered ceilings constructed of wood.