IQ and Global Inequality
IQ and Global Inequality | |
---|---|
Autor | Richard Lynn a Tatu Vanhanen |
Původní název | IQ and Global Inequality |
Jazyk | angličtina |
Žánr | nonfikce |
Vydavatel | Washington Summit Publishers |
Datum vydání | 10. listopadu 2006 |
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky. |
IQ and Global Inequality (česky: IQ a globální nerovnost) je kniha vydaná v roce 2006, jejímiž autory jsou Dr. Richard Lynn a Dr. Tatu Vanhanen. IQ and Global Inequality je volné pokračování jejich knihy z roku 2002 – IQ and the Wealth of Nations (IQ a bohatství národů) a zahrnuje rozšíření argumentu, že rozdíly v ekonomickém vývoji jednotlivých států jsou z větší části způsobeny rozdíly v inteligenci národů (vypočítané na základě výzkumů a IQ testů v jednotlivých zemích); kniha obsahuje také odpověď na kritiku předchozí knihy.
Na rozdíl od IQ and the Wealth of Nations byl tento titul vydán nakladatelstvím Washington Summit Publishers, které se specializuje na vydávání knih, které jiní vydavatelé odmítli vydat kvůli manipulaci s fakty a šíření extremistických, zejména rasistických názorů.
Index QHC
Index QHC (Quality of human conditions – kvalita životních podmínek) jednotlivých zemí byl pro účely této knihy vypočítán z těchto zdrojů:
- Parita kupní síly – hrubý domácí příjem (PPP-GNI) na hlavu (2002)
- Gramotnost (2002)
- Úroveň terciární školní docházky
- Střední délka života (2002)
- Úroveň demokratizace (2002) (Index demokratizace Tatu Vanhanena)
Existuje ještě mnoho jiných indexů měřících globální nerovnost, z nichž nejvýznamnější jsou HDI a Gini. Všechny tyto indexy silně korelují s indexem QHC a podle knihy také s národním IQ.
Přijetí
Výzkum Lynna a Vanhanena týkající se souvislosti IQ a ekonomického vývoje si získal akademický ohlas vědců z několika oblastí, některé komentáře jsou souhlasné, jiné odmítavé.[1][2][3][4] Studie byla oceněna především odborníky, kteří se kloní k názoru, že rozdíly v IQ jsou dány geneticky. Metodologie studie je kritizována zejména za selektivní nakládání s údaji, studie ignorovala výsledky, které nepodporovaly její závěry, jež jsou založeny na malých náhodných vzorcích dat.[5][6]
Studie Jelte M. Wichertse a kolektivu shrnuje:
"Například, Lynn a Vanhanen (2006) udávají národní IQ Nigérie 69 na základě tří vzorků (Fahrmeier, 1975; Ferron, 1965; Wober, 1969), ale nevzali v úvahu další relevantní publikované studie, které ukázaly, že průměrné IQ v Nigérii je podstatně vyšší než 70 (Maqsud, 1980a, b; Nenty & Dinero, 1981; Okunrotifa, 1976). Jak správně poznamenal Lynn během konference Mezinárodní společnosti pro výzkum Intelligence (ISIR) v roce 2006, odborná literatura zahrnuje spoustu možností. Nicméně, Lynn (a Vanhanen) pracují s literaturou nesystematicky."[5]—Jelte M. Wichertse a kolektiv
Národní hodnoty IQ a QHC
Země/Region | IQ (2002) | IQ (2006) | PPP-GNI na hlavu 2002 | QHC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hongkong | 107 | 108[7] | 27490 | 60.8 |
Singapur | 103 | 108[7] | 23730 | 60.7 |
Jižní Korea | 106 | 106[7] | 16960 | 75.4 |
Severní Korea | 105* | 106*[7] | 1000 | 38 |
Japonsko | 105 | 105[7] | 27380 | 71.4 |
Tchaj-wan | 104 | 105[7] | 23400 | 79.4 |
Čína | 100 | 105[7] | 4520 | 39.7 |
Itálie | 102 | 102[7] | 26170 | 78.9 |
Island | 98* | 101[7] | 29240 | 80 |
Švýcarsko | 101 | 101[7] | 31840 | 82.2 |
Mongolsko | 98* | 101*[7] | 1710 | 48.1 |
Rakousko | 102 | 100[7] | 28910 | 80.7 |
Lucembursko | 101* | 100*[7] | 53230 | 76.4 |
Nizozemsko | 102 | 100[7] | 28350 | 82.8 |
Norsko | 98 | 100[7] | 36690 | 89 |
Spojené království | 100 | 100[7] | 26580 | 76.7 |
Německo | 102 | 99[7] | 26980 | 78 |
Belgie | 100 | 99[7] | 28130 | 84.1 |
Kanada | 97 | 99[7] | 28930 | 77.8 |
Estonsko | 97* | 99[7] | 11630 | 64.5 |
Finsko | 97 | 99[7] | 26160 | 85.1 |
Nový Zéland | 100 | 99[7] | 20550 | 76.2 |
Polsko | 99 | 99[7] | 10450 | 62.7 |
Švédsko | 101 | 99[7] | 25820 | 82.9 |
Andorra | N/A | 98*[7] | 19000 | 58.7 |
Španělsko | 97 | 98[7] | 21910 | 75.8 |
Austrálie | 98 | 98[7] | 27440 | 82.8 |
Česko | 97 | 98[7] | 14920 | 64.5 |
Dánsko | 98 | 98[7] | 30600 | 85.4 |
Francie | 98 | 98[7] | 27040 | 78.1 |
Maďarsko | 99 | 98[7] | 13070 | 64.1 |
Lotyšsko | 97* | 98*[7] | 9190 | 65.5 |
Spojené státy americké | 98* | 98*[7] | 36120 | 86.6 |
Bělorusko | 96* | 97*[7] | 5500 | 57.2 |
Malta | 95* | 97[7] | 17710 | 66.4 |
Rusko | 96 | 97[7] | 8080 | 64.5 |
Ukrajina | 96* | 97*[7] | 4800 | 61.8 |
Moldavsko | 95* | 96*[7] | 1600 | 46.2 |
Slovensko | 96 | 96[7] | 12590 | 63.2 |
Uruguay | 96 | 96[7] | 7710 | 64 |
Izrael | 94 | 95[7] | 19000 | 75.3 |
Portugalsko | 95 | 95[7] | 17820 | 67 |
Arménie | 93* | 94*[7] | 3230 | 50.2 |
Gruzie | 93* | 94*[7] | 2270 | 51.2 |
Kazachstán | 93* | 94*[7] | 5630 | 49 |
Rumunsko | 94 | 94[7] | 6490 | 53 |
Vietnam | 96* | 94*[7] | 2300 | 39.5 |
Argentina | 96 | 93[7] | 10190 | 64.7 |
Bulharsko | 93 | 93[7] | 7030 | 59.1 |
Řecko | 92 | 92[7] | 18770 | 76.1 |
Malajsie | 92 | 92[7] | 8500 | 78.5 |
Irsko | 93 | 92[7] | 29570 | 52.1 |
Brunej | 92* | 91*[7] | 19210 | 50.8 |
Kambodža | 89* | 91*[7] | 1970 | 28.6 |
Kypr | 92* | 91*[7] | 18650 | 67.6 |
Litva | 97* | 91[7] | 10190 | 65.4 |
Severní Makedonie | 93* | 91*[7] | 6420 | 54.4 |
Thajsko | 91 | 91[7] | 6890 | 50.3 |
Bosna a Hercegovina | N/A | 90*[7] | 5800 | 51.4 |
Albánie | 90* | 90*[7] | 4960 | 51.2 |
Chorvatsko | 90 | 90[7] | 10000 | 61.7 |
Bermudy | N/A | 90[7] | 36000 | 75.8 |
Chile | 93* | 90[7] | 9420 | 59.5 |
Kyrgyzstán | 87* | 90*[7] | 1560 | 48.1 |
Turecko | 90 | 90[7] | 6300 | 50.2 |
Mexiko | 87 | 90[7] | 12500 | 52.9 |
Surinam | 89 | 89[7] | 6590 | 50.6 |
Cookovy ostrovy | N/A | 89[7] | 5000 | 45.7 |
Kostarika | 91* | 89*[7] | 8650 | 53.7 |
Laos | 89* | 89[7] | 1660 | 24.9 |
Mauricius | 81* | 89[7] | 10820 | 52.2 |
Ekvádor | 80 | 88[7] | 3340 | 47.4 |
Indonésie | 89 | 88[7] | 1600 | 28.1 |
Samoa | 87 | 88[7] | 5570 | 49.7 |
Ázerbájdžán | 87* | 87*[7] | 3010 | 47.2 |
Bolívie | 85* | 87[7] | 2390 | 49.7 |
Brazílie | 87 | 87[7] | 7450 | 51.1 |
Východní Timor | N/A | 87*[7] | 3940 | 46.7 |
Guyana | 84* | 87*[7] | 3070 | 40.2 |
Irák | 87 | 87[7] | 1027 | 30.7 |
Tádžikistán | 87* | 87*[7] | 1640 | 27.5 |
Turkmenistán | 87* | 87*[7] | 4780 | 41.7 |
Uzbekistán | 87* | 87*[7] | 1640 | 39.4 |
Myanmar (Barma) | 86* | 87*[7] | 930 | 42.4 |
Filipíny | 86 | 86[7] | 4450 | 51.6 |
Kuvajt | 83* | 86[7] | 17780 | 49.9 |
Seychely | 81* | 86*[7] | 18232 | 60.6 |
Tonga | 87 | 86[7] | 6820 | 40.5 |
Kuba | 85 | 85[7] | 5259 | 46.2 |
Fidži | 84 | 85[7] | 5330 | 51.9 |
Kiribati | 84* | 85*[7] | 800 | 37.1 |
Nová Kaledonie | N/A | 85[7] | 21960 | 54.9 |
Peru | 90 | 85[7] | 4880 | 49.2 |
Jemen | 83* | 85[7] | 800 | 24.5 |
Trinidad a Tobago | 80* | 85*[7] | 9000 | 52 |
Afghánistán | 83* | 84*[7] | 700 | 13.2 |
Belize | 83* | 84*[7] | 15960 | 56.1 |
Kolumbie | 88 | 84[7] | 5490 | 44.2 |
Mikronésie | 84* | 84*[7] | 6150 | 48.4 |
Írán | 84 | 84[7] | 6690 | 40.2 |
Jordánsko | 87* | 84[7] | 4180 | 43.4 |
Marshallovy ostrovy | 84 | 84[7] | 1600 | 44.2 |
Maroko | 85 | 84[7] | 2000 | 39.9 |
Pákistán | 81* | 84[7] | 1730 | 31.7 |
Panama | 84* | 84*[7] | 1960 | 26.2 |
Paraguay | 85* | 84[7] | 6060 | 56.6 |
Portoriko | 84 | 84[7] | 4590 | 45.2 |
Saúdská Arábie | 83* | 84*[7] | 15800 | 63.6 |
Šalomounovy ostrovy | 84* | 84*[7] | 12660 | 44.1 |
Bahamy | 78* | 84*[7] | 1590 | 41.5 |
Spojené arabské emiráty | 83* | 84*[7] | 24030 | 48.8 |
Vanuatu | 84* | 84*[7] | 2850 | 31.4 |
Venezuela | 88* | 84[7] | 5220 | 47.4 |
Sýrie | 87 | 83[7] | 5348 | 38.9 |
Tunisko | 84* | 83*[7] | 6440 | 40.6 |
Alžírsko | 84* | 83*[7] | 5530 | 39.9 |
Libye | 84* | 83*[7] | 7570 | 49.3 |
Bahrajn | 83* | 83*[7] | 16190 | 49.3 |
Omán | 83* | 83*[7] | 13000 | 40.6 |
Bangladéš | 81* | 82*[7] | 1720 | 29.8 |
Dominikánská republika | 84* | 82[7] | 6270 | 46.8 |
Libanon | 86 | 82[7] | 4600 | 55.8 |
Madagaskar | 79* | 82[7] | 730 | 28.6 |
Indie | 81 | 82[7] | 2650 | 36.3 |
Egypt | 83 | 81[7] | 3810 | 37.3 |
Maledivy | 81* | 81*[7] | 4798 | 38.5 |
Bhútán | 78* | 80*[7] | 1969 | 24.1 |
Honduras | 84* | 81[7] | 2540 | 41.9 |
Papua Nová Guinea | 84 | 81[7] | 2180 | 38.4 |
Nikaragua | 84* | 81*[7] | 2350 | 41.3 |
Severní Mariany | N/A | 81[7] | 12500 | 51.3 |
Barbados | 78 | 80[7] | 14660 | 60.9 |
Salvador | 84* | 80*[7] | 4790 | 42.6 |
Guatemala | 79 | 79[7] | 4040 | 34.6 |
Srí Lanka | 81* | 79[7] | 3510 | 47.7 |
Katar | 78 | 78[7] | 19844 | 45.6 |
Nepál | 78 | 78[7] | 1370 | 26.9 |
Komory | 79* | 77*[7] | 1640 | 24.6 |
Kapverdy | 78* | 76*[7] | 4920 | 40.5 |
Mauritánie | 73* | 76*[7] | 1790 | 20.5 |
Uganda | 73 | 73[7] | 1360 | 25.4 |
Keňa | 72 | 72[7] | 1010 | 27.3 |
Jižní Afrika | 72 | 72[7] | 9810 | 38.3 |
Tanzanie | 72 | 72[7] | 580 | 23.2 |
Súdán | 72 | 71[7] | 1740 | 24.6 |
Ghana | 71 | 71[7] | 2080 | 33.7 |
Grenada | 75* | 71*[7] | 6600 | 45.3 |
Jamajka | 72 | 71[7] | 3680 | 46.5 |
Svatý Vincenc a Grenadiny | 75* | 71[7] | 5190 | 48.4 |
Zambie | 77 | 71[7] | 800 | 21.8 |
Antigua a Barbuda | 75* | 70*[7] | 10390 | 53.2 |
Benin | 69* | 70*[7] | 1060 | 20.5 |
Botswana | 72* | 70*[7] | 7740 | 29.4 |
Namibie | 72* | 70*[7] | 6880 | 31.1 |
Rwanda | 70* | 70*[7] | 1260 | 18.5 |
Togo | 69* | 70*[7] | 1450 | 26 |
Burundi | 70* | 69*[7] | 630 | 15.2 |
Pobřeží slonoviny | 71* | 69*[7] | 1450 | 18.1 |
Malawi | 71* | 69*[7] | 570 | 24.3 |
Mali | 68* | 69*[7] | 840 | 13.4 |
Niger | 67* | 69*[7] | 800 | 13.5 |
Nigérie | 67 | 69[7] | 800 | 27.3 |
Čad | 72* | 68*[7] | 1010 | 20.4 |
Angola | 69* | 68*[7] | 1840 | 13.7 |
Burkina Faso | 66* | 68*[7] | 1090 | 10.7 |
Džibutsko | 68* | 68*[7] | 2040 | 22 |
Eritrea | 68* | 68*[7] | 1040 | 21.4 |
Somálsko | 68* | 68*[7] | 500 | 15.2 |
Svazijsko | 72* | 68*[7] | 4730 | 22.2 |
Dominika | 75* | 67[7] | 4960 | 48.8 |
Guinea | 63 | 67[7] | 2060 | 22.5 |
Guinea-Bissau | 63* | 67*[7] | 680 | 20.3 |
Haiti | 72* | 67*[7] | 1610 | 20.4 |
Lesotho | 72* | 67*[7] | 2970 | 24.3 |
Libérie | 64* | 67*[7] | 1000 | 21.2 |
Svatý Kryštof a Nevis | 75* | 67*[7] | 10750 | 45.5 |
Svatý Tomáš a Princův ostrov | 59* | 67*[7] | 1317 | 37.9 |
Senegal | 64* | 66*[7] | 1660 | 20.7 |
Gambie | 64* | 66*[7] | 1540 | 21.3 |
Zimbabwe | 66 | 66[7] | 2180 | 25.2 |
Konžská republika | 73 | 65[7] | 630 | 17.9 |
Kamerun | 70* | 64[7] | 1910 | 23.1 |
Středoafrická republika | 68* | 64[7] | 1170 | 19.1 |
Konžská demokratická republika | 65 | 64[7] | 700 | 26.9 |
Etiopie | 63 | 64[7] | 780 | 29.7 |
Gabon | 66* | 64*[7] | 5530 | 32.2 |
Mosambik | 72* | 64[7] | 990 | 18 |
Sierra Leone | 64 | 64[7] | 500 | 13.8 |
Svatá Lucie | 75* | 62[7] | 4950 | 51.1 |
Rovníková Guinea | 59 | 59[7] | 9100 | 30.4 |
„*“ Označuje odhad národního IQ PPP-GNI = Parita kupní síly – hrubý domácí příjem. QHC = Quality of Human Conditions – kvalita lidských podmínek, kompozitní index |
Reference
- ↑ Relevance of education and intelligence at the national level for politics: Democracy, rule of law and political liberty [PDF]. [cit. 2009-12-20]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 20-03-2009. Paper by Heiner Rindermann.
- ↑ Intelligence, Human Capital, and Economic Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach [online]. Dostupné online. Paper by Garett Jones and W. Joel Schneider.
- ↑ Älykkyyden tabu murtuu? Recenze od J.P. Roose v Sosiologia 3/2007.
- ↑ Recenze od J. Philippe Rushtona v Personality and Individual Differences, 2006, 41, 983-5.
- ↑ a b Wicherts, J. M., et al., A systematic literature review of the average IQ of sub-Saharan Africans, Intelligence (2009), doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.05.002
- ↑ Nisbett, Richard. 2009. Intelligence and how to get it. pp. 215.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh LYNN, Richard; VANHANEN, Tatu. IQ and Global Inequality. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2006. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2016-02-10. S. 55–61. (anglicky) Archivovaná kopie. www.pdfarchive.info [online]. [cit. 2016-10-10]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2016-02-10.
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map of a composite index called quality of human conditions from IQ and Global Inequality.
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National IQ scores as estimated by Lynn and Vanhanen in their book IQ and Global Inequality. Compared to the previous, PNG version, this SVG version has a consistent legend (one bucket is missing it the PNG version).
Adjustments: data for South Sudan are from Sudan and data for Montenegro are from Serbia. Data used for generating the map:
AF,Afghanistan,83 AL,Albania,90 DZ,Algeria,84 AO,Angola,69 AG,Antigua and Barbuda,75 AR,Argentina,96 AM,Armenia,93 AU,Australia,60 AT,Austria,102 AZ,Azerbaijan,87 BS,The Bahamas,78 BH,Bahrain,83 BD,Bangladesh,81 BB,Barbados,78 BY,Belarus,96 BE,Belgium,100 BZ,Belize,83 BJ,Benin,69 BT,Bhutan,78 BO,Bolivia,85 BW,Botswana,72 BR,Brazil,87 BN,Brunei,92 BG,Bulgaria,93 BF,Burkina Faso,67 MM,Myanmar,86 BI,Burundi,70 KH,Cambodia,89 CM,Cameroon,70 CA,Canada,97 CV,Cape Verde,78 CF,Central African Republic,68 TD,Chad,72 CL,Chile,93 CN,China,100 CO,Colombia,89 KM,Comoros,79 CG,Congo,73 CD,Democratic Republic of the Congo,65 CR,Costa Rica,91 CI,Côte d'Ivoire,71 HR,Croatia,90 CU,Cuba,85 CY,Cyprus,92 CZ,Czech Republic,97 DK,Denmark,98 DJ,Djibouti,68 DM,Dominica,75 DO,Dominican Republic,84 EC,Ecuador,80 EG,Egypt,83 SV,El Salvador,84 GQ,Equatorial Guinea,59 ER,Eritrea,68 EE,Estonia,97 ET,Ethiopia,63 FJ,Fiji,84 FI,Finland,97 FR,France,98 GA,Gabon,66 GM,The Gambia,65 GE,Georgia,93 DE,Germany,102 GH,Ghana,71 GR,Greece,92 GD,Grenada,75 GT,Guatemala,79 GN,Guinea,66 GW,Guinea-Bissau,66 GY,Guyana,84 HT,Haiti,72 HN,Honduras,84 HK,Hong Kong,107 HU,Hungary,99 IS,Iceland,98 IN,India,81 ID,Indonesia,89 IR,Iran,84 IQ,Iraq,87 IE,Ireland,93 IL,Israel,94 IT,Italy,102 JM,Jamaica,72 JP,Japan,105 JO,Jordan,87 KZ,Kazakhstan,93 KE,Kenya,72 KI,Kiribati,84 KP,Democratic People's Republic of Korea,104 KR,Republic of Korea,106 KW,Kuwait,83 KG,Kyrgyzstan,87 LA,Laos,89 LV,Latvia,97 LB,Lebanon,86 LS,Lesotho,72 LR,Liberia,65 LY,Libya,84 LT,Lithuania,97 LU,Luxembourg,101 ME,Monte Negro,93 MK,Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,93 MG,Madagascar,79 MW,Malawi,71 MY,Malaysia,92 MV,Maldives,81 ML,Mali,69 MT,Malta,95 MH,Marshall Islands,84 MR,Mauritania,74 MU,Mauritius,81 MX,Mexico,87 FM,Micronesia,84 MD,Moldova,95 MN,Mongolia,98 MA,Morocco,85 MZ,Mozambique,72 NA,Namibia,72 NP,Nepal,78 NL,Netherlands,102 NZ,New Zealand,100 NI,Nicaragua,84 NE,Niger,67 NG,Nigeria,67 NO,Norway,98 OM,Oman,83 PK,Pakistan,81 PA,Panama,85 PG,Papua New Guinea,84 PY,Paraguay,85 PE,Peru,90 PH,Philippines,86 PL,Poland,99 PT,Portugal,95 PR,Puerto Rico,84 QA,Qatar,78 RO,Romania,94 RU,Russia,96 RW,Rwanda,70 WS,Samoa,87 ST,São Tomé and Príncipe,59 SA,Saudi Arabia,83 SN,Senegal,65 RS,Serbia,93 SC,Seychelles,81 SL,Sierra Leone,64 SG,Singapore,103 SK,Slovakia,96 SI,Slovenia,95 SB,Solomon Islands,84 SO,Somalia,68 ZA,South Africa,72 ES,Spain,97 LK,Sri Lanka,81 KN,Saint Kitts and Nevis,75 LC,Saint Lucia,75 VC,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,75 SD,Sudan,72 SS,Sudan,72 SR,Suriname,89 SZ,Swaziland,72 SE,Sweden,101 CH,Switzerland,101 SY,Syria,87 TW,Taiwan,104 TJ,Tajikistan,87 TZ,Tanzania,72 TH,Thailand,91 TG,Togo,69 TO,Tonga,87 TT,Trinidad and Tobago,80 TN,Tunisia,84 TR,Turkey,90 TM,Turkmenistan,87 UG,Uganda,73 UA,Ukraine,96 AE,United Arab Emirates,83 GB,United Kingdom,100 US,United States,98 UY,Uruguay,96 UZ,Uzbekistan,87 VU,Vanuatu,84 VE,Venezuela,89 VN,Vietnam,96 YE,Yemen,83 ZM,Zambia,77 ZW,Zimbabwe,66
Flag of Maldives. The colours used are Pantone 186 C for red and Pantone 348 C for green.
The proportions of this flag are 3:2; however, there is no official definition for the correct proportions and also 5:3 is widely used.
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe
Flag of Bolivia* | |
---|---|
country | Template:I18n/Republic of Bolivia |
used by | Bolivia |
from | 1851 |
until | Present |
created by | Government of Bolivia |
format | 15:22 |
shape | rectangular |
colours | červená, žlutá, zelená
flag has 3 horizontal stripes |
other characteristics | A horizontal tricolor of red, yellow and green. |