Index lidského rozvoje
0.800–1.000 (very high) 0.700–0.799 (high) 0.550–0.699 (medium) | 0.350–0.549 (low) Data unavailable |
Index lidského rozvoje (anglicky Human Development Index, HDI) je prostředek pro srovnání klíčových rozměrů lidského rozvoje, mezi které patří: dlouhý a zdravý život, přístup ke vzdělání, životní standard a celková vyspělost státu. Jedná se tedy o ukazatel životní úrovně. HDI je geometrický průměr z indexů, které vyjadřují každý z těchto tří rozměrů. Index udává hodnotu mezi 0 a 1, na základě které se státy zařadí do jednoho ze čtyř stupňů rozvoje.
Index byl vytvořen v roce 1990 pákistánským ekonomem Mahbubem ul Haqem a indickým ekonomem Amartyem Senem a používá se v každoroční zprávě OSN.[4]
Vznik a význam indexu
V roce 1990 se v první zprávě o lidském rozvoji programu OSN pro rozvoj (UNDP) objevil ukazatel, který se snažil vypovídat o mezistátních rozdílech v kvalitě života lépe než ukazatele ekonomické povahy. Největší podíl na vzniku úvodní zprávy o lidském rozvoji měl pákistánský ekonom Mahbub ul Haq.[5] Na vývoji spolupracoval s dalšími světovými ekonomy včetně Paula Streetena, Francese Stewarta, Gustava Ranise, Keitha Griffina, Sudhira Ananda a Meghnada Desaie. Ke spolupráci se připojil i nositel Nobelovy ceny Amartya Sen. Sen se obával, že bude náročné zachytit celou složitost lidských schopností v jednom indexu, ale Haq ho přesvědčil.
Těžiště zpráv spočívá v hodnocení kvality života v jednotlivých zemích světa podle žebříčku sestaveného na základě výsledků HDI. Dále zprávy upozorňují, ve kterých regionech světa lidský rozvoj stagnuje, ve kterých se naopak zrychluje či zda dochází ke splývání rozdílů mezi rozvinutými a rozvíjejícími se státy světa.[6][7]
Výpočet HDI
Do roku 2010 se používal vzorec, který k výpočtu využíval tyto rozměry: střední délka života, gramotnost dospělé populace, poměr hrubého zápisu do škol a hrubý domácí produkt na hlavu (v dolarech).
Nová metoda výpočtu od roku 2010 zahrnuje dva kroky: Vytvoření rozměrových indexů a Agregace rozměrových indexů pro výpočet HDI.
Vytvoření rozměrových indexů
Byly vytvořeny indexy zobrazující základní dimenze lidského rozvoje (zdraví, vzdělání a životní standard). Pro dimenze, byla určena minima a maxima těchto indexů.
1. Index očekávané délky života (Life Expectancy Index, LEI)
2. Index vzdělání (Educational Index, EI)
Index střední délky vzdělání (Mean Years of Schooling Index, MYSI)
Index očekávané délky vzdělání (Expeced Years of Schooling Index, EYSI)
3. Index hrubého národního příjmu (Gross national income, GNI)
Po určení minima a maxima jsou indexy dimenzí vypočítány následovně:
-index =
kde a jsou nejnižší a nejvyšší hodnoty, kterých může proměnná nabýt.
Rozměr | Indikátor | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|
Zdraví | délka života (roky) | 20 | 85 |
Vzdělání | předpokládaná délka vzdělávání (roky) | 0 | 18 |
průměrná délka vzdělávání (roky) | 0 | 15 | |
Životní standard | hrubý národní příjem (HNP) na hlavu (v dolarech) | 100 | 75000 |
Vytvoření Indexu lidského rozvoje
HDI je geometrický průměr tří indexů:
LEI: Index očekávané délky života (Life Expectancy Index)
EI: Index vzdělání (Education Index)
II: Index HNP (Income Index)
Řazení států
V roce 2014 byl představen systém mezních bodů (COP) pro čtyři indikátory HDI. Body jsou získány jako vypočtené HDI hodnoty s použitím kvartilů distribuce jednotlivých komponentů indikátorů. Tyto body se vypočítávají následovně, přičemž LE znamená index očekávané délky života (Life Expectancy), MYS je index střední délky vzdělávání (Mean Years of Schooling), EYS znamená index očekávané doby vzdělávání (Expected Years of Schooling) a GNI je hrubý národní příjem na jednoho obyvatele přepočítaný na americké dolary (Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita).
Výsledné mezní body pro zařazení států jsou:
Velmi vysoký lidský rozvoj (COP3) 0.800
Vysoký lidský rozvoj (COP2) 0.700
Střední lidský rozvoj (COP1) 0.550
Umístění zemí
Pořadí podle zprávy z roku 2019
Pořadí podle zprávy z roku 2019, publikované 9. prosince 2019 a založené na datech z roku 2018:[9]
- ▲ = lepší umístění v porovnání s předchozím rokem
- ▬ = stejné umístění v porovnání s předchozím rokem
- ▼ = pokles umístění v porovnání s předchozím rokem
Pořadí | Země, území | HDI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Zpráva z roku 2019 (data za rok 2018) | Změna oproti předchozímu roku | Zpráva z roku 2019 (data za rok 2018) | Průměrný roční přírůstek HDI (2010–2018) | |
Velmi vysoká úroveň lidského rozvoje | ||||
1 | ▬ | Norsko | 0.954 | ▲ 0.16% |
2 | ▬ | Švýcarsko | 0.946 | ▲ 0.18% |
3 | ▬ | Irsko | 0.942 | ▲ 0.71% |
4 | ▬ | Německo | 0.939 | ▲ 0.25% |
4 | ▲ (2) | Hongkong | 0.939 | ▲ 0.51% |
6 | ▼ (1) | Austrálie | 0.938 | ▲ 0.17% |
6 | ▲ (1) | Island | 0.938 | ▲ 0.64% |
8 | ▼ (1) | Švédsko | 0.937 | ▲ 0.42% |
9 | ▬ | Singapur | 0.935 | ▲ 0.35% |
10 | ▬ | Nizozemsko | 0.933 | ▲ 0.31% |
11 | ▬ | Dánsko | 0.930 | ▲ 0.27% |
12 | ▬ | Finsko | 0.925 | ▲ 0.30% |
13 | ▬ | Kanada | 0.922 | ▲ 0.38% |
14 | ▬ | Nový Zéland | 0.921 | ▲ 0.30% |
15 | ▬ | Spojené království | 0.920 | ▲ 0.21% |
15 | ▬ | Spojené státy americké | 0.920 | ▲ 0.12% |
17 | ▬ | Belgie | 0.919 | ▲ 0.22% |
18 | ▬ | Lichtenštejnsko | 0.917 | ▲ 0.17% |
19 | ▬ | Japonsko | 0.915 | ▲ 0.42% |
20 | ▬ | Rakousko | 0.914 | ▲ 0.26% |
21 | ▬ | Lucembursko | 0.909 | ▲ 0.22% |
22 | ▬ | Izrael | 0.906 | ▲ 0.27% |
22 | ▬ | Jižní Korea | 0.906 | ▲ 0.33% |
24 | ▬ | Slovinsko | 0.902 | ▲ 0.29% |
25 | ▬ | Španělsko | 0.893 | ▲ 0.40% |
26 | ▬ | Česko | 0.892 | ▲ 0.41% |
26 | ▬ | Francie | 0.891 | ▲ 0.27% |
28 | ▬ | Malta | 0.885 | ▲ 0.55% |
29 | ▬ | Itálie | 0.883 | ▲ 0.17% |
30 | ▬ | Estonsko | 0.882 | ▲ 0.54% |
31 | ▬ | Kypr | 0.873 | ▲ 0.34% |
32 | ▬ | Řecko | 0.872 | ▲ 0.22% |
32 | ▲ (1) | Polsko | 0.872 | ▲ 0.54% |
34 | ▬ | Litva | 0.869 | ▲ 0.67% |
35 | ▬ | Spojené arabské emiráty | 0.866 | ▲ 0.68% |
36 | ▲ (2) | Andorra | 0.857 | ▲ 0.43% |
36 | ▬ | Saúdská Arábie | 0.857 | ▲ 0.71% |
36 | ▲ (2) | Slovensko | 0.857 | ▲ 0.42% |
39 | ▬ | Lotyšsko | 0.854 | ▲ 0.56% |
40 | ▬ | Portugalsko | 0.850 | ▲ 0.42% |
41 | ▬ | Katar | 0.848 | ▲ 0.22% |
42 | ▬ | Chile | 0.847 | ▲ 0.71% |
43 | ▬ | Brunej | 0.845 | ▲ 0.19% |
43 | ▬ | Maďarsko | 0.845 | ▲ 0.28% |
45 | ▬ | Bahrajn | 0.838 | ▲ 0.64% |
46 | ▬ | Chorvatsko | 0.837 | ▲ 0.41% |
47 | ▬ | Omán | 0.834 | ▲ 0.63% |
48 | ▬ | Argentina | 0.830 | ▲ 0.18% |
49 | ▬ | Rusko | 0.824 | ▲ 0.69% |
50 | ▬ | Bělorusko | 0.817 | ▲ 0.39% |
50 | ▲ (1) | Kazachstán | 0.817 | ▲ 0.84% |
52 | ▼ (1) | Bulharsko | 0.816 | ▲ 0.58% |
52 | ▼ (2) | Černá Hora | 0.816 | ▲ 0.36% |
52 | ▼ (1) | Rumunsko | 0.816 | ▲ 0.29% |
55 | ▲ (1) | Palau | 0.814 | ▲ 0.60% |
56 | ▼ (5) | Barbados | 0.813 | ▲ 0.22% |
57 | ▬ | Kuvajt | 0.808 | ▲ 0.22% |
57 | ▲ (1) | Uruguay | 0.808 | ▲ 0.54% |
59 | ▬ | Turecko | 0.806 | ▲ 1.03% |
60 | ▬ | Bahamy | 0.805 | ▲ 0.16% |
61 | ▬ | Malajsie | 0.804 | ▲ 0.49% |
62 | ▬ | Seychely | 0.801 | ▲ 0.63% |
Vysoká úroveň lidského rozvoje | ||||
63 | ▲ (2) | Srbsko | 0.799 | ▲ 0.60% |
63 | ▬ | Trinidad a Tobago | 0.799 | ▲ 0.17% |
65 | ▼ (2) | Írán | 0.797 | ▲ 0.68% |
66 | ▬ | Mauricius | 0.796 | ▲ 0.79% |
67 | ▬ | Panama | 0.795 | ▲ 0.60% |
68 | ▬ | Kostarika | 0.794 | ▲ 0.64% |
69 | ▬ | Albánie | 0.791 | ▲ 0.84% |
70 | ▬ | Gruzie | 0.786 | ▲ 0.91% |
71 | ▲ (1) | Srí Lanka | 0.780 | ▲ 0.49% |
72 | ▼ (1) | Kuba | 0.778 | ▲ 0.02% |
73 | ▲ (1) | Svatý Kryštof a Nevis | 0.777 | ▲ 0.48% |
74 | ▼ (1) | Antigua a Barbuda | 0.776 | ▲ 0.08% |
75 | ▬ | Bosna a Hercegovina | 0.769 | ▲ 0.93% |
76 | ▬ | Mexiko | 0.767 | ▲ 0.47% |
77 | ▬ | Thajsko | 0.765 | ▲ 0.74% |
78 | ▬ | Grenada | 0.763 | ▲ 0.33% |
79 | ▼ (1) | Brazílie | 0.761 | ▲ 0.59% |
79 | ▼ (1) | Kolumbie | 0.761 | ▲ 0.54% |
81 | ▬ | Arménie | 0.760 | ▲ 0.52% |
82 | ▼ (1) | Alžírsko | 0.759 | ▲ 0.49% |
82 | ▼ (1) | Severní Makedonie | 0.759 | ▲ 0.41% |
82 | ▲ (3) | Peru | 0.759 | ▲ 0.65% |
85 | ▲ (1) | Čína | 0.758 | ▲ 0.95% |
85 | ▼ (1) | Ekvádor | 0.758 | ▲ 0.71% |
87 | ▬ | Ázerbájdžán | 0.754 | ▲ 0.36% |
88 | ▬ | Ukrajina | 0.750 | ▲ 0.29% |
89 | ▲ (1) | Dominikánská republika | 0.745 | ▲ 0.76% |
89 | ▬ | Svatá Lucie | 0.745 | ▲ 0.26% |
91 | ▬ | Tunisko | 0.739 | ▲ 0.39% |
92 | ▲ (2) | Mongolsko | 0.735 | ▲ 0.66% |
— | — | Svět | 0.731 | ▲ 0.60% |
93 | ▬ | Libanon | 0.730 | ▼ -0.36% |
94 | ▲ (3) | Botswana | 0.728 | ▲ 1.22% |
94 | ▼ (1) | Svatý Vincenc a Grenadiny | 0.728 | ▲ 0.29% |
96 | ▬ | Jamajka | 0.726 | ▲ 0.05% |
96 | ▼ (4) | Venezuela | 0.726 | ▼ -0.45% |
98 | ▬ | Dominika | 0.724 | ▼ -0.15% |
98 | ▲ (4) | Fidži | 0.724 | ▲ 0.52% |
98 | ▲ (1) | Paraguay | 0.724 | ▲ 0.56% |
98 | ▲ (1) | Surinam | 0.724 | ▲ 0.41% |
102 | ▼ (3) | Jordánsko | 0.723 | ▼ -0.07% |
103 | ▬ | Belize | 0.720 | ▲ 0.49% |
104 | ▲ (1) | Maledivy | 0.719 | ▲ 0.90% |
105 | ▼ (1) | Tonga | 0.717 | ▲ 0.45% |
106 | ▬ | Filipíny | 0.712 | ▲ 0.73% |
107 | ▼ (1) | Moldavsko | 0.711 | ▲ 0.56% |
108 | ▬ | Turkmenistán | 0.710 | ▲ 0.67% |
108 | ▲ (1) | Uzbekistán | 0.710 | ▲ 0.83% |
110 | ▲ (1) | Libye | 0.708 | ▼ -0.84% |
111 | ▬ | Indonésie | 0.707 | ▲ 0.74% |
111 | ▼ (1) | Samoa | 0.707 | ▲ 0.30% |
113 | ▼ (2) | Jižní Afrika | 0.705 | ▲ 0.78% |
114 | ▬ | Bolívie | 0.703 | ▲ 0.88% |
115 | ▬ | Gabon | 0.702 | ▲ 0.81% |
116 | ▬ | Egypt | 0.700 | ▲ 0.62% |
Střední úroveň lidského rozvoje | ||||
117 | ▼ (1) | Marshallovy ostrovy | 0.698 | NA[pozn. 1] |
118 | ▬ | Vietnam | 0.693 | ▲ 0.74% |
119 | ▬ | Palestina | 0.690 | ▲ 0.35% |
120 | ▬ | Irák | 0.689 | ▲ 0.68% |
121 | ▬ | Maroko | 0.676 | ▲ 1.14% |
122 | ▬ | Kyrgyzstán | 0.674 | ▲ 0.73% |
123 | ▬ | Guyana | 0.670 | ▲ 0.61% |
124 | ▬ | Salvador | 0.667 | ▲ 0.14% |
125 | ▲ (1) | Tádžikistán | 0.656 | ▲ 0.50% |
126 | ▲ (2) | Kapverdy | 0.651 | ▲ 0.48% |
126 | ▲ (1) | Guatemala | 0.651 | ▲ 0.98% |
126 | ▼ (1) | Nikaragua | 0.651 | ▲ 0.74% |
129 | ▬ | Indie | 0.647 | ▲ 1.34% |
130 | ▼ (1) | Namibie | 0.645 | ▲ 1.17% |
131 | ▬ | Východní Timor | 0.626 | ▲ 0.13% |
132 | ▲ (1) | Honduras | 0.623 | ▲ 0.51% |
132 | ▬ | Kiribati | 0.623 | ▲ 0.71% |
134 | ▬ | Bhútán | 0.617 | ▲ 0.98% |
135 | ▲ (1) | Bangladéš | 0.614 | ▲ 1.40% |
135 | ▬ | Mikronésie | 0.614 | ▲ 0.41% |
137 | ▲ (2) | Svatý Tomáš a Princův ostrov | 0.609 | ▲ 1.36% |
138 | ▼ (2) | Konžská republika | 0.608 | ▲ 1.12% |
138 | ▲ (1) | Svazijsko | 0.608 | ▲ 2.15% |
140 | ▬ | Laos | 0.604 | ▲ 1.28% |
141 | ▬ | Vanuatu | 0.597 | ▲ 0.26% |
142 | ▬ | Ghana | 0.596 | ▲ 0.91% |
143 | ▲ (1) | Zambie | 0.591 | ▲ 1.35% |
144 | ▼ (1) | Rovníková Guinea | 0.588 | ▲ 0.18% |
145 | ▲ (1) | Myanmar (Barma) | 0.584 | ▲ 1.39% |
146 | ▼ (1) | Kambodža | 0.581 | ▲ 1.05% |
147 | ▲ (1) | Keňa | 0.579 | ▲ 1.04% |
147 | ▲ (1) | Nepál | 0.579 | ▲ 1.18% |
149 | ▼ (2) | Angola | 0.574 | ▲ 1.50% |
150 | ▬ | Kamerun | 0.563 | ▲ 2.26% |
150 | ▲ (3) | Zimbabwe | 0.563 | ▲ 2.22% |
152 | ▼ (1) | Pákistán | 0.560 | ▲ 0.85% |
153 | ▼ (1) | Šalomounovy ostrovy | 0.557 | ▲ 0.78% |
Nízká úroveň lidského rozvoje | ||||
154 | ▬ | Sýrie | 0.549 | ▼ -1.98% |
155 | ▬ | Papua Nová Guinea | 0.543 | ▲ 0.80% |
156 | ▬ | Komory | 0.538 | ▲ 0.60% |
157 | ▲ (1) | Rwanda | 0.536 | ▲ 1.19% |
158 | ▼ (1) | Nigérie | 0.534 | ▲ 1.25% |
159 | ▲ (1) | Tanzanie | 0.528 | ▲ 1.03% |
159 | ▲ (1) | Uganda | 0.528 | ▲ 0.97% |
161 | ▼ (2) | Mauritánie | 0.527 | ▲ 0.91% |
162 | ▬ | Madagaskar | 0.521 | ▲ 0.42% |
163 | ▬ | Benin | 0.520 | ▲ 1.19% |
164 | ▬ | Lesotho | 0.518 | ▲ 1.46% |
165 | ▬ | Pobřeží slonoviny | 0.516 | ▲ 1.61% |
166 | ▬ | Senegal | 0.514 | ▲ 1.17% |
167 | ▬ | Togo | 0.513 | ▲ 1.16% |
168 | ▬ | Súdán | 0.507 | ▲ 0.93% |
169 | ▬ | Haiti | 0.503 | ▲ 0.92% |
170 | ▬ | Afghánistán | 0.496 | ▲ 0.83% |
171 | ▬ | Džibutsko | 0.495 | ▲ 1.32% |
172 | ▬ | Malawi | 0.485 | ▲ 1.32% |
173 | ▬ | Etiopie | 0.470 | ▲ 1.66% |
174 | ▲ (3) | Gambie | 0.466 | ▲ 0.79% |
174 | ▲ (2) | Guinea | 0.466 | ▲ 1.67% |
176 | ▼ (3) | Libérie | 0.465 | ▲ 0.67% |
177 | ▼ (2) | Jemen | 0.463 | ▼ -0.94% |
178 | ▼ (1) | Guinea-Bissau | 0.461 | ▲ 1.01% |
179 | ▬ | Konžská demokratická republika | 0.459 | ▲ 1.24% |
180 | ▬ | Mosambik | 0.446 | ▲ 1.51% |
181 | ▬ | Sierra Leone | 0.438 | ▲ 1.45% |
182 | ▲ (1) | Burkina Faso | 0.434 | ▲ 1.84% |
182 | ▬ | Eritrea | 0.434 | ▲ 0.02% |
184 | ▬ | Mali | 0.427 | ▲ 0.72% |
185 | ▬ | Burundi | 0.423 | ▲ 0.65% |
186 | ▬ | Jižní Súdán | 0.413 | ▼ -0.35% |
187 | ▬ | Čad | 0.401 | ▲ 0.89% |
188 | ▬ | Středoafrická republika | 0.381 | ▲ 0.89% |
189 | ▬ | Niger | 0.377 | ▲ 2.09% |
Vývoj indexu jednotlivých zemí (1980–2013)
HDI pořadí | Stát | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.. | velmi vysoký (rozvinuté země) | 0.757 | 0.775 | 0.798 | 0.849 | 0.870 | 0.874 | 0.877 | 0.879 | 0.880 | 0.885 | 0.887 | 0.889 | 0.890 |
.. | vysoký (rozvojové země) | 0.534 | 0.552 | 0.593 | 0.643 | 0.682 | 0.691 | 0.701 | 0.710 | 0.715 | 0.723 | 0.729 | 0.733 | 0.735 |
.. | střední (rozvojové země) | 0.420 | 0.448 | 0.474 | 0.528 | 0.565 | 0.573 | 0.580 | 0.587 | 0.593 | 0.601 | 0.609 | 0.612 | 0.614 |
.. | nízký (rozvojové země) | 0.345 | 0.365 | 0.367 | 0.403 | 0.444 | 0.456 | 0.465 | 0.471 | 0.478 | 0.479 | 0.486 | 0.490 | 0.493 |
1 | Norsko | 0.793 | 0.814 | 0.841 | 0.910 | 0.935 | 0.938 | 0.938 | 0.937 | 0.937 | 0.939 | 0.941 | 0.943 | 0.944 |
2 | Austrálie | 0.841 | 0.853 | 0.866 | 0.898 | 0.912 | 0.915 | 0.918 | 0.922 | 0.924 | 0.926 | 0.928 | 0.931 | 0.933 |
3 | Švýcarsko | 0.806 | 0.813 | 0.829 | 0.886 | 0.901 | 0.905 | 0.905 | 0.903 | 0.909 | 0.915 | 0.914 | 0.916 | 0.917 |
4 | Nizozemsko | 0.783 | 0.796 | 0.826 | 0.874 | 0.888 | 0.895 | 0.901 | 0.901 | 0.900 | 0.904 | 0.914 | 0.915 | 0.915 |
5 | USA | 0.825 | 0.839 | 0.858 | 0.883 | 0.897 | 0.900 | 0.903 | 0.905 | 0.905 | 0.908 | 0.911 | 0.912 | 0.914 |
6 | Německo | 0.739 | 0.752 | 0.782 | 0.854 | 0.887 | 0.896 | 0.899 | 0.902 | 0.901 | 0.904 | 0.908 | 0.911 | 0.911 |
7 | Nový Zéland | 0.793 | 0.806 | 0.821 | 0.873 | 0.894 | 0.896 | 0.899 | 0.899 | 0.903 | 0.903 | 0.904 | 0.908 | 0.910 |
8 | Kanada | 0.809 | 0.822 | 0.848 | 0.867 | 0.892 | 0.894 | 0.895 | 0.896 | 0.894 | 0.896 | 0.900 | 0.901 | 0.902 |
9 | Singapur | .. | .. | 0.744 | 0.800 | 0.840 | 0.852 | 0.862 | 0.868 | 0.868 | 0.894 | 0.896 | 0.899 | 0.901 |
10 | Dánsko | 0.781 | 0.797 | 0.806 | 0.859 | 0.891 | 0.893 | 0.895 | 0.896 | 0.895 | 0.898 | 0.899 | 0.900 | 0.900 |
11 | Irsko | 0.734 | 0.751 | 0.775 | 0.862 | 0.890 | 0.895 | 0.901 | 0.902 | 0.898 | 0.899 | 0.900 | 0.901 | 0.899 |
12 | Švédsko | 0.776 | 0.786 | 0.807 | 0.889 | 0.887 | 0.889 | 0.891 | 0.891 | 0.888 | 0.895 | 0.896 | 0.897 | 0.898 |
13 | Island | 0.754 | 0.776 | 0.800 | 0.858 | 0.888 | 0.890 | 0.894 | 0.886 | 0.885 | 0.886 | 0.890 | 0.893 | 0.895 |
14 | Velká Británie | 0.735 | 0.747 | 0.768 | 0.863 | 0.888 | 0.885 | 0.887 | 0.890 | 0.890 | 0.895 | 0.891 | 0.890 | 0.892 |
15 | Jižní Korea | 0.628 | 0.681 | 0.731 | 0.819 | 0.856 | 0.862 | 0.869 | 0.874 | 0.876 | 0.882 | 0.886 | 0.888 | 0.891 |
15 | Hong Kong | 0.698 | 0.741 | 0.775 | 0.810 | 0.839 | 0.847 | 0.860 | 0.877 | 0.879 | 0.882 | 0.886 | 0.889 | 0.891 |
17 | Japonsko | 0.772 | 0.794 | 0.817 | 0.858 | 0.873 | 0.877 | 0.879 | 0.881 | 0.880 | 0.884 | 0.887 | 0.888 | 0.890 |
18 | Lichtenštejnsko | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.882 | 0.887 | 0.888 | 0.889 |
19 | Izrael | 0.749 | 0.771 | 0.785 | 0.849 | 0.869 | 0.872 | 0.877 | 0.877 | 0.878 | 0.881 | 0.885 | 0.886 | 0.888 |
20 | Francie | 0.722 | 0.741 | 0.779 | 0.848 | 0.867 | 0.870 | 0.873 | 0.875 | 0.876 | 0.879 | 0.882 | 0.884 | 0.884 |
21 | Lucembursko | 0.729 | 0.762 | 0.786 | 0.866 | 0.876 | 0.877 | 0.880 | 0.882 | 0.876 | 0.881 | 0.881 | 0.880 | 0.881 |
21 | Belgie | 0.753 | 0.773 | 0.805 | 0.873 | 0.865 | 0.868 | 0.871 | 0.873 | 0.873 | 0.877 | 0.880 | 0.880 | 0.881 |
21 | Rakousko | 0.736 | 0.754 | 0.786 | 0.835 | 0.851 | 0.857 | 0.861 | 0.868 | 0.870 | 0.877 | 0.879 | 0.880 | 0.881 |
24 | Finsko | 0.752 | 0.771 | 0.792 | 0.841 | 0.869 | 0.874 | 0.877 | 0.878 | 0.873 | 0.877 | 0.879 | 0.879 | 0.879 |
25 | Slovinsko | .. | .. | 0.769 | 0.821 | 0.855 | 0.861 | 0.865 | 0.871 | 0.875 | 0.873 | 0.874 | 0.874 | 0.874 |
26 | Itálie | 0.718 | 0.735 | 0.763 | 0.825 | 0.858 | 0.863 | 0.867 | 0.868 | 0.866 | 0.869 | 0.872 | 0.872 | 0.872 |
27 | Španělsko | 0.702 | 0.724 | 0.755 | 0.826 | 0.844 | 0.848 | 0.852 | 0.857 | 0.858 | 0.864 | 0.868 | 0.869 | 0.869 |
28 | Česko | .. | .. | 0.762 | 0.806 | 0.845 | 0.848 | 0.853 | 0.856 | 0.856 | 0.858 | 0.861 | 0.861 | 0.861 |
29 | Řecko | 0.713 | 0.739 | 0.749 | 0.798 | 0.853 | 0.859 | 0.857 | 0.858 | 0.858 | 0.856 | 0.854 | 0.854 | 0.853 |
30 | Brunej | 0.740 | 0.757 | 0.786 | 0.822 | 0.838 | 0.843 | 0.844 | 0.843 | 0.844 | 0.844 | 0.846 | 0.852 | 0.852 |
31 | Katar | 0.729 | 0.753 | 0.756 | 0.811 | 0.840 | 0.846 | 0.852 | 0.855 | 0.850 | 0.847 | 0.843 | 0.850 | 0.851 |
32 | Kypr | 0.661 | 0.696 | 0.726 | 0.800 | 0.828 | 0.832 | 0.838 | 0.844 | 0.852 | 0.848 | 0.850 | 0.848 | 0.845 |
33 | Estonsko | .. | .. | 0.730 | 0.776 | 0.821 | 0.827 | 0.832 | 0.832 | 0.827 | 0.830 | 0.836 | 0.839 | 0.840 |
34 | Saúdská Arábie | 0.583 | 0.623 | 0.662 | 0.744 | 0.773 | 0.779 | 0.784 | 0.791 | 0.802 | 0.815 | 0.825 | 0.833 | 0.836 |
35 | Polsko | 0.687 | 0.694 | 0.714 | 0.784 | 0.803 | 0.808 | 0.812 | 0.817 | 0.820 | 0.826 | 0.830 | 0.833 | 0.834 |
35 | Litva | .. | .. | 0.737 | 0.757 | 0.806 | 0.814 | 0.820 | 0.827 | 0.833 | 0.829 | 0.828 | 0.831 | 0.834 |
37 | Slovensko | .. | .. | 0.747 | 0.776 | 0.803 | 0.810 | 0.817 | 0.824 | 0.826 | 0.826 | 0.827 | 0.829 | 0.830 |
37 | Andorra | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.832 | 0.831 | 0.830 | 0.830 |
39 | Malta | 0.704 | 0.717 | 0.730 | 0.770 | 0.801 | 0.801 | 0.802 | 0.809 | 0.818 | 0.821 | 0.823 | 0.827 | 0.829 |
40 | SAR | 0.640 | 0.686 | 0.725 | 0.797 | 0.823 | 0.826 | 0.829 | 0.832 | 0.826 | 0.824 | 0.824 | 0.825 | 0.827 |
41 | Portugalsko | 0.643 | 0.674 | 0.708 | 0.780 | 0.790 | 0.794 | 0.800 | 0.805 | 0.809 | 0.816 | 0.819 | 0.822 | 0.822 |
41 | Chile | 0.640 | 0.664 | 0.704 | 0.753 | 0.785 | 0.784 | 0.792 | 0.805 | 0.804 | 0.808 | 0.815 | 0.819 | 0.822 |
43 | Maďarsko | 0.696 | 0.707 | 0.701 | 0.774 | 0.805 | 0.810 | 0.813 | 0.814 | 0.816 | 0.817 | 0.817 | 0.817 | 0.818 |
44 | Kuba | 0.681 | 0.714 | 0.729 | 0.742 | 0.786 | 0.806 | 0.822 | 0.830 | 0.832 | 0.824 | 0.819 | 0.813 | 0.815 |
44 | Bahrajn | 0.677 | 0.718 | 0.729 | 0.784 | 0.811 | 0.808 | 0.809 | 0.810 | 0.811 | 0.812 | 0.812 | 0.813 | 0.815 |
46 | Kuvajt | 0.702 | 0.739 | 0.723 | 0.804 | 0.795 | 0.795 | 0.797 | 0.800 | 0.804 | 0.807 | 0.810 | 0.813 | 0.814 |
47 | Chorvatsko | .. | .. | 0.689 | 0.748 | 0.781 | 0.788 | 0.796 | 0.801 | 0.800 | 0.806 | 0.812 | 0.812 | 0.812 |
48 | Lotyšsko | .. | .. | 0.710 | 0.729 | 0.786 | 0.796 | 0.804 | 0.813 | 0.814 | 0.809 | 0.804 | 0.808 | 0.810 |
49 | Argentina | 0.665 | 0.688 | 0.694 | 0.753 | 0.758 | 0.766 | 0.771 | 0.777 | 0.789 | 0.799 | 0.804 | 0.806 | 0.808 |
50 | Uruguay | 0.658 | 0.661 | 0.691 | 0.740 | 0.755 | 0.759 | 0.769 | 0.773 | 0.774 | 0.779 | 0.783 | 0.787 | 0.790 |
51 | Černá Hora | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.750 | 0.760 | 0.771 | 0.780 | 0.780 | 0.784 | 0.787 | 0.787 | 0.789 |
51 | Bahamy | .. | .. | .. | 0.766 | 0.787 | 0.789 | 0.791 | 0.791 | 0.788 | 0.788 | 0.789 | 0.788 | 0.789 |
53 | Bělorusko | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.725 | 0.738 | 0.751 | 0.764 | 0.775 | 0.779 | 0.784 | 0.785 | 0.786 |
54 | Rumunsko | 0.685 | 0.701 | 0.703 | 0.706 | 0.750 | 0.759 | 0.769 | 0.781 | 0.781 | 0.779 | 0.782 | 0.782 | 0.785 |
55 | Libye | 0.641 | 0.654 | 0.684 | 0.745 | 0.772 | 0.778 | 0.784 | 0.789 | 0.794 | 0.799 | 0.753 | 0.789 | 0.784 |
56 | Omán | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.733 | 0.693 | 0.701 | 0.714 | 0.728 | 0.780 | 0.781 | 0.781 | 0.783 |
57 | Rusko | .. | .. | 0.729 | 0.717 | 0.750 | 0.757 | 0.765 | 0.770 | 0.770 | 0.773 | 0.775 | 0.777 | 0.778 |
58 | Bulharsko | 0.658 | 0.679 | 0.696 | 0.714 | 0.749 | 0.753 | 0.759 | 0.766 | 0.767 | 0.773 | 0.774 | 0.776 | 0.777 |
59 | Barbados | 0.658 | 0.688 | 0.706 | 0.745 | 0.761 | 0.764 | 0.771 | 0.776 | 0.782 | 0.779 | 0.780 | 0.776 | 0.776 |
60 | Palau | .. | .. | .. | 0.741 | 0.771 | 0.773 | 0.773 | 0.772 | 0.773 | 0.768 | 0.770 | 0.773 | 0.775 |
61 | Antigua a Barbuda | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.778 | 0.772 | 0.773 | 0.774 |
62 | Malajsie | 0.577 | 0.619 | 0.641 | 0.717 | 0.747 | 0.752 | 0.757 | 0.760 | 0.761 | 0.766 | 0.768 | 0.770 | 0.773 |
63 | Mauricius | 0.558 | 0.575 | 0.621 | 0.686 | 0.722 | 0.728 | 0.735 | 0.741 | 0.747 | 0.753 | 0.759 | 0.769 | 0.771 |
64 | Trinidad a Tobago | 0.658 | 0.663 | 0.658 | 0.697 | 0.745 | 0.751 | 0.759 | 0.764 | 0.766 | 0.764 | 0.764 | 0.765 | 0.766 |
65 | Panama | 0.627 | 0.648 | 0.651 | 0.709 | 0.728 | 0.742 | 0.747 | 0.752 | 0.754 | 0.759 | 0.757 | 0.761 | 0.765 |
65 | Libanon | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.741 | 0.738 | 0.745 | 0.750 | 0.756 | 0.759 | 0.764 | 0.764 | 0.765 |
67 | Venezuela | 0.639 | 0.643 | 0.644 | 0.677 | 0.716 | 0.731 | 0.748 | 0.758 | 0.757 | 0.759 | 0.761 | 0.763 | 0.764 |
68 | Kostarika | 0.605 | 0.624 | 0.652 | 0.705 | 0.721 | 0.729 | 0.735 | 0.744 | 0.746 | 0.750 | 0.758 | 0.761 | 0.763 |
69 | Turecko | 0.496 | 0.542 | 0.576 | 0.653 | 0.687 | 0.698 | 0.706 | 0.710 | 0.716 | 0.738 | 0.752 | 0.756 | 0.759 |
70 | Kazachstán | .. | .. | 0.686 | 0.679 | 0.734 | 0.740 | 0.743 | 0.744 | 0.746 | 0.747 | 0.750 | 0.755 | 0.757 |
71 | Seychely | .. | .. | .. | 0.743 | 0.757 | 0.760 | 0.763 | 0.766 | 0.744 | 0.763 | 0.749 | 0.755 | 0.756 |
71 | Mexico | 0.595 | 0.631 | 0.647 | 0.699 | 0.724 | 0.732 | 0.735 | 0.739 | 0.741 | 0.748 | 0.752 | 0.755 | 0.756 |
73 | Srí Lanka | 0.569 | 0.598 | 0.620 | 0.679 | 0.710 | 0.716 | 0.721 | 0.725 | 0.728 | 0.736 | 0.740 | 0.745 | 0.750 |
73 | Svatý Kryštof a Nevis | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.752 | 0.747 | 0.745 | 0.749 | 0.750 |
75 | Írán | 0.490 | 0.502 | 0.552 | 0.652 | 0.681 | 0.691 | 0.703 | 0.711 | 0.718 | 0.725 | 0.733 | 0.749 | 0.749 |
76 | Ázerbájdžán | .. | .. | .. | 0.639 | 0.686 | 0.703 | 0.715 | 0.724 | 0.736 | 0.743 | 0.743 | 0.745 | 0.747 |
77 | Srbsko | .. | .. | 0.726 | 0.713 | 0.732 | 0.735 | 0.739 | 0.743 | 0.742 | 0.743 | 0.744 | 0.743 | 0.745 |
77 | Jordánsko | 0.587 | 0.616 | 0.622 | 0.705 | 0.733 | 0.736 | 0.741 | 0.746 | 0.746 | 0.744 | 0.744 | 0.744 | 0.745 |
79 | Grenada | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.746 | 0.747 | 0.743 | 0.744 |
79 | Gruzie | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.710 | 0.714 | 0.726 | 0.730 | 0.735 | 0.733 | 0.736 | 0.741 | 0.744 |
79 | Brazílie | 0.545 | 0.575 | 0.612 | 0.682 | 0.705 | 0.713 | 0.721 | 0.731 | 0.732 | 0.739 | 0.740 | 0.742 | 0.744 |
82 | Peru | 0.595 | 0.616 | 0.615 | 0.682 | 0.694 | 0.696 | 0.700 | 0.707 | 0.709 | 0.722 | 0.727 | 0.734 | 0.737 |
83 | Ukrajina | .. | .. | 0.705 | 0.668 | 0.713 | 0.720 | 0.726 | 0.729 | 0.722 | 0.726 | 0.730 | 0.733 | 0.734 |
84 | Makedonie | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.699 | 0.705 | 0.708 | 0.724 | 0.725 | 0.728 | 0.730 | 0.730 | 0.732 |
84 | Belize | 0.619 | 0.620 | 0.640 | 0.675 | 0.710 | 0.708 | 0.707 | 0.710 | 0.712 | 0.714 | 0.717 | 0.731 | 0.732 |
86 | Bosna a Hercegovina | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.716 | 0.719 | 0.722 | 0.727 | 0.725 | 0.726 | 0.729 | 0.729 | 0.731 |
87 | Arménie | .. | .. | 0.632 | 0.648 | 0.693 | 0.707 | 0.721 | 0.722 | 0.717 | 0.720 | 0.724 | 0.728 | 0.730 |
88 | Fidži | 0.587 | 0.598 | 0.619 | 0.674 | 0.694 | 0.704 | 0.707 | 0.712 | 0.717 | 0.721 | 0.722 | 0.722 | 0.724 |
89 | Thajsko | 0.503 | 0.542 | 0.572 | 0.649 | 0.685 | 0.685 | 0.698 | 0.704 | 0.708 | 0.715 | 0.716 | 0.720 | 0.722 |
90 | Tunisko | 0.484 | 0.537 | 0.567 | 0.653 | 0.687 | 0.694 | 0.700 | 0.706 | 0.710 | 0.715 | 0.716 | 0.719 | 0.721 |
91 | Svatý Vincenc a Grenadiny | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.717 | 0.717 | 0.715 | 0.717 | 0.719 |
91 | Čína | 0.423 | 0.457 | 0.502 | 0.591 | 0.645 | 0.657 | 0.671 | 0.682 | 0.693 | 0.701 | 0.710 | 0.715 | 0.719 |
93 | Dominika | .. | .. | .. | 0.691 | 0.708 | 0.708 | 0.712 | 0.712 | 0.717 | 0.717 | 0.718 | 0.716 | 0.717 |
93 | Alžírsko | 0.509 | 0.551 | 0.576 | 0.634 | 0.675 | 0.680 | 0.686 | 0.695 | 0.703 | 0.709 | 0.715 | 0.715 | 0.717 |
95 | Albánie | 0.603 | 0.602 | 0.609 | 0.655 | 0.689 | 0.694 | 0.699 | 0.703 | 0.705 | 0.708 | 0.714 | 0.714 | 0.716 |
96 | Jamajka | 0.614 | 0.616 | 0.638 | 0.671 | 0.700 | 0.702 | 0.707 | 0.710 | 0.709 | 0.712 | 0.714 | 0.715 | 0.715 |
97 | Svatá Lucie | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.720 | 0.717 | 0.718 | 0.715 | 0.714 |
98 | Ekvádor | 0.605 | 0.627 | 0.643 | 0.658 | 0.687 | 0.690 | 0.692 | 0.697 | 0.698 | 0.701 | 0.705 | 0.708 | 0.711 |
98 | Kolumbie | 0.557 | 0.574 | 0.596 | 0.655 | 0.680 | 0.685 | 0.693 | 0.700 | 0.703 | 0.706 | 0.710 | 0.708 | 0.711 |
100 | Tonga | 0.602 | 0.617 | 0.631 | 0.672 | 0.695 | 0.696 | 0.697 | 0.696 | 0.698 | 0.701 | 0.702 | 0.704 | 0.705 |
100 | Surinam | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.672 | 0.676 | 0.690 | 0.694 | 0.696 | 0.698 | 0.701 | 0.702 | 0.705 |
102 | Dominikánská republika | 0.527 | 0.563 | 0.589 | 0.645 | 0.668 | 0.675 | 0.681 | 0.684 | 0.686 | 0.691 | 0.695 | 0.698 | 0.700 |
103 | Turkmenistán | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.687 | 0.690 | 0.693 | 0.698 |
103 | Mongolsko | 0.515 | 0.523 | 0.552 | 0.580 | 0.637 | 0.646 | 0.655 | 0.665 | 0.668 | 0.671 | 0.682 | 0.692 | 0.698 |
103 | Maledivy | .. | .. | .. | 0.599 | 0.659 | 0.661 | 0.674 | 0.675 | 0.686 | 0.688 | 0.692 | 0.695 | 0.698 |
106 | Samoa | .. | .. | .. | 0.654 | 0.681 | 0.681 | 0.684 | 0.683 | 0.689 | 0.688 | 0.690 | 0.693 | 0.694 |
107 | Palestina | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.649 | 0.658 | 0.668 | 0.672 | 0.679 | 0.671 | 0.679 | 0.683 | 0.686 |
108 | Indonésie | 0.471 | 0.510 | 0.528 | 0.609 | 0.640 | 0.645 | 0.650 | 0.654 | 0.665 | 0.671 | 0.678 | 0.681 | 0.684 |
109 | Botswana | 0.470 | 0.528 | 0.583 | 0.560 | 0.610 | 0.625 | 0.643 | 0.656 | 0.662 | 0.672 | 0.678 | 0.681 | 0.683 |
110 | Egypt | 0.452 | 0.501 | 0.546 | 0.621 | 0.645 | 0.652 | 0.659 | 0.667 | 0.672 | 0.678 | 0.679 | 0.681 | 0.682 |
111 | Paraguay | 0.550 | 0.567 | 0.581 | 0.625 | 0.648 | 0.648 | 0.653 | 0.661 | 0.661 | 0.669 | 0.672 | 0.670 | 0.676 |
112 | Gabon | 0.540 | 0.590 | 0.619 | 0.632 | 0.644 | 0.645 | 0.651 | 0.654 | 0.659 | 0.662 | 0.666 | 0.670 | 0.674 |
113 | Bolívie | 0.494 | 0.510 | 0.554 | 0.615 | 0.636 | 0.640 | 0.643 | 0.649 | 0.653 | 0.658 | 0.661 | 0.663 | 0.667 |
114 | Moldava | .. | .. | 0.645 | 0.598 | 0.639 | 0.645 | 0.646 | 0.652 | 0.646 | 0.652 | 0.656 | 0.657 | 0.663 |
115 | Salvador | 0.517 | 0.524 | 0.529 | 0.607 | 0.640 | 0.644 | 0.646 | 0.648 | 0.649 | 0.652 | 0.657 | 0.660 | 0.662 |
116 | Uzbekistán | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.626 | 0.630 | 0.635 | 0.643 | 0.645 | 0.648 | 0.653 | 0.657 | 0.661 |
117 | Filipíny | 0.566 | 0.578 | 0.591 | 0.619 | 0.638 | 0.638 | 0.644 | 0.648 | 0.647 | 0.651 | 0.652 | 0.656 | 0.660 |
118 | Sýrie | 0.528 | 0.564 | 0.570 | 0.605 | 0.653 | .. | 0.658 | 0.658 | 0.662 | 0.662 | 0.662 | 0.662 | 0.658 |
118 | Jihoafrická republika | 0.569 | 0.584 | 0.619 | 0.628 | 0.608 | 0.611 | 0.617 | 0.623 | 0.631 | 0.638 | 0.646 | 0.654 | 0.658 |
120 | Irák | 0.500 | 0.481 | 0.508 | 0.606 | 0.621 | 0.636 | 0.632 | 0.632 | 0.637 | 0.638 | 0.639 | 0.641 | 0.642 |
121 | Vietnam | 0.463 | 0.473 | 0.476 | 0.563 | 0.598 | 0.604 | 0.611 | 0.617 | 0.622 | 0.629 | 0.632 | 0.635 | 0.638 |
121 | Guyana | 0.516 | 0.505 | 0.505 | 0.570 | 0.584 | 0.589 | 0.616 | 0.621 | 0.623 | 0.626 | 0.632 | 0.635 | 0.638 |
123 | Kapverdy | .. | .. | .. | 0.573 | 0.589 | 0.602 | 0.607 | 0.613 | 0.617 | 0.622 | 0.631 | 0.635 | 0.636 |
124 | Mikronésie | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.627 | 0.627 | 0.629 | 0.630 |
125 | Kyrgyzstán | .. | .. | 0.607 | 0.586 | 0.605 | 0.609 | 0.614 | 0.617 | 0.617 | 0.614 | 0.618 | 0.621 | 0.628 |
125 | Guatemala | 0.445 | 0.457 | 0.483 | 0.551 | 0.576 | 0.583 | 0.595 | 0.601 | 0.606 | 0.613 | 0.620 | 0.626 | 0.628 |
127 | Namibie | 0.550 | 0.564 | 0.577 | 0.556 | 0.570 | 0.580 | 0.589 | 0.598 | 0.603 | 0.610 | 0.616 | 0.620 | 0.624 |
128 | Východní Timor | .. | .. | .. | 0.465 | 0.505 | 0.521 | 0.552 | 0.579 | 0.599 | 0.606 | 0.606 | 0.616 | 0.620 |
129 | Maroko | 0.399 | 0.436 | 0.459 | 0.526 | 0.569 | 0.575 | 0.582 | 0.588 | 0.594 | 0.603 | 0.612 | 0.614 | 0.617 |
129 | Honduras | 0.461 | 0.490 | 0.507 | 0.558 | 0.584 | 0.590 | 0.597 | 0.604 | 0.607 | 0.612 | 0.615 | 0.616 | 0.617 |
131 | Vanuatu | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.608 | 0.616 | 0.617 | 0.618 | 0.617 | 0.616 |
132 | Nikaragua | 0.483 | 0.491 | 0.491 | 0.554 | 0.585 | 0.590 | 0.595 | 0.599 | 0.600 | 0.604 | 0.608 | 0.611 | 0.614 |
133 | Tádžikistán | .. | .. | 0.610 | 0.529 | 0.572 | 0.578 | 0.583 | 0.591 | 0.592 | 0.596 | 0.600 | 0.603 | 0.607 |
133 | Kiribati | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.599 | 0.599 | 0.606 | 0.607 |
135 | Indie | 0.369 | 0.404 | 0.431 | 0.483 | 0.527 | 0.537 | 0.547 | 0.554 | 0.560 | 0.570 | 0.581 | 0.583 | 0.586 |
136 | Kambodža | 0.251 | 0.379 | 0.403 | 0.466 | 0.536 | 0.547 | 0.558 | 0.564 | 0.566 | 0.571 | 0.575 | 0.579 | 0.584 |
136 | Bhútán | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.569 | 0.579 | 0.580 | 0.584 |
138 | Ghana | 0.423 | 0.433 | 0.502 | 0.487 | 0.511 | 0.521 | 0.532 | 0.544 | 0.549 | 0.556 | 0.566 | 0.571 | 0.573 |
139 | Laos | 0.340 | 0.398 | 0.395 | 0.473 | 0.511 | 0.517 | 0.525 | 0.533 | 0.543 | 0.549 | 0.560 | 0.565 | 0.569 |
140 | Kongo | 0.542 | 0.576 | 0.553 | 0.501 | 0.525 | 0.535 | 0.535 | 0.548 | 0.559 | 0.565 | 0.549 | 0.561 | 0.564 |
141 | Zambie | 0.422 | 0.420 | 0.407 | 0.423 | 0.471 | 0.480 | 0.486 | 0.505 | 0.526 | 0.530 | 0.543 | 0.554 | 0.561 |
142 | Svatý Tomáš a Princův ostrov | .. | .. | .. | 0.495 | 0.520 | 0.520 | 0.531 | 0.537 | 0.543 | 0.543 | 0.548 | 0.556 | 0.558 |
142 | Bangladéš | 0.336 | 0.357 | 0.382 | 0.453 | 0.494 | 0.502 | 0.510 | 0.515 | 0.527 | 0.539 | 0.549 | 0.554 | 0.558 |
144 | Rovníková Guinea | .. | .. | .. | 0.476 | 0.517 | 0.528 | 0.533 | 0.543 | 0.543 | 0.559 | 0.553 | 0.556 | 0.556 |
145 | Nepál | 0.286 | 0.330 | 0.388 | 0.449 | 0.477 | 0.487 | 0.492 | 0.501 | 0.513 | 0.527 | 0.533 | 0.537 | 0.540 |
146 | Pákistán | 0.356 | 0.384 | 0.402 | 0.454 | 0.504 | 0.527 | 0.535 | 0.536 | 0.545 | 0.526 | 0.531 | 0.535 | 0.537 |
147 | Keňa | 0.446 | 0.459 | 0.471 | 0.455 | 0.479 | 0.487 | 0.500 | 0.508 | 0.516 | 0.522 | 0.527 | 0.531 | 0.535 |
148 | Svazijsko | 0.477 | 0.516 | 0.538 | 0.498 | 0.498 | 0.505 | 0.513 | 0.518 | 0.523 | 0.527 | 0.530 | 0.529 | 0.530 |
149 | Angola | .. | .. | .. | 0.377 | 0.446 | 0.465 | 0.478 | 0.490 | 0.491 | 0.504 | 0.521 | 0.524 | 0.526 |
150 | Barma | 0.328 | 0.355 | 0.347 | 0.421 | 0.472 | 0.483 | 0.493 | 0.500 | 0.507 | 0.514 | 0.517 | 0.520 | 0.524 |
151 | Rwanda | 0.291 | 0.312 | 0.238 | 0.329 | 0.391 | 0.414 | 0.423 | 0.432 | 0.443 | 0.453 | 0.463 | 0.502 | 0.506 |
152 | Nigérie | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.466 | 0.471 | 0.480 | 0.483 | 0.488 | 0.492 | 0.496 | 0.500 | 0.504 |
152 | Kamerun | 0.391 | 0.422 | 0.440 | 0.433 | 0.457 | 0.459 | 0.468 | 0.477 | 0.485 | 0.493 | 0.498 | 0.501 | 0.504 |
154 | Jemen | .. | .. | 0.390 | 0.427 | 0.462 | 0.465 | 0.468 | 0.471 | 0.478 | 0.484 | 0.497 | 0.499 | 0.500 |
155 | Madagaskar | .. | .. | .. | 0.453 | 0.470 | 0.476 | 0.480 | 0.487 | 0.496 | 0.494 | 0.495 | 0.496 | 0.498 |
156 | Zimbabwe | 0.437 | 0.517 | 0.488 | 0.428 | 0.412 | 0.417 | 0.424 | 0.422 | 0.439 | 0.459 | 0.473 | 0.484 | 0.492 |
157 | Šalomounovy ostrovy | .. | .. | .. | 0.475 | 0.483 | 0.493 | 0.498 | 0.506 | 0.500 | 0.489 | 0.494 | 0.489 | 0.491 |
157 | Papua Nová Guinea | 0.323 | 0.341 | 0.363 | 0.423 | 0.441 | 0.452 | 0.454 | 0.467 | 0.474 | 0.479 | 0.484 | 0.490 | 0.491 |
159 | Tanzanie | 0.377 | 0.366 | 0.354 | 0.376 | 0.419 | 0.430 | 0.440 | 0.451 | 0.457 | 0.464 | 0.478 | 0.484 | 0.488 |
159 | Komorský svaz | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.464 | 0.468 | 0.471 | 0.474 | 0.476 | 0.479 | 0.483 | 0.486 | 0.488 |
161 | Mauritánie | 0.347 | 0.355 | 0.367 | 0.433 | 0.455 | 0.465 | 0.467 | 0.466 | 0.474 | 0.475 | 0.475 | 0.485 | 0.487 |
162 | Lesotho | 0.443 | 0.475 | 0.493 | 0.443 | 0.437 | 0.441 | 0.448 | 0.456 | 0.464 | 0.472 | 0.476 | 0.481 | 0.486 |
163 | Senegal | 0.333 | 0.364 | 0.384 | 0.413 | 0.451 | 0.456 | 0.466 | 0.474 | 0.478 | 0.483 | 0.483 | 0.484 | 0.485 |
164 | Uganda | 0.293 | 0.309 | 0.310 | 0.392 | 0.429 | 0.437 | 0.446 | 0.458 | 0.466 | 0.472 | 0.477 | 0.480 | 0.484 |
165 | Benin | 0.287 | 0.323 | 0.342 | 0.391 | 0.432 | 0.439 | 0.446 | 0.454 | 0.461 | 0.467 | 0.471 | 0.473 | 0.476 |
166 | Togo | 0.405 | 0.389 | 0.404 | 0.430 | 0.442 | 0.448 | 0.446 | 0.447 | 0.454 | 0.460 | 0.467 | 0.470 | 0.473 |
166 | Súdán | 0.331 | 0.333 | 0.342 | 0.385 | 0.423 | 0.430 | 0.440 | 0.447 | 0.458 | 0.463 | 0.468 | 0.472 | 0.473 |
168 | Haiti | 0.352 | 0.392 | 0.413 | 0.433 | 0.447 | 0.450 | 0.455 | 0.458 | 0.463 | 0.462 | 0.466 | 0.469 | 0.471 |
169 | Afghánistán | 0.230 | 0.271 | 0.296 | 0.341 | 0.396 | 0.406 | 0.416 | 0.430 | 0.437 | 0.453 | 0.458 | 0.466 | 0.468 |
170 | Džibutsko | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.412 | 0.417 | 0.428 | 0.438 | 0.444 | 0.452 | 0.461 | 0.465 | 0.467 |
171 | Pobřeží slonoviny | 0.377 | 0.378 | 0.380 | 0.393 | 0.407 | 0.414 | 0.422 | 0.427 | 0.433 | 0.439 | 0.443 | 0.448 | 0.452 |
172 | Gambie | 0.300 | 0.310 | 0.334 | 0.383 | 0.414 | 0.418 | 0.425 | 0.432 | 0.436 | 0.440 | 0.436 | 0.438 | 0.441 |
173 | Ethiopie | .. | .. | .. | 0.284 | 0.339 | 0.356 | 0.378 | 0.394 | 0.403 | 0.409 | 0.422 | 0.429 | 0.435 |
174 | Malawi | 0.270 | 0.275 | 0.283 | 0.341 | 0.368 | 0.375 | 0.383 | 0.395 | 0.407 | 0.406 | 0.411 | 0.411 | 0.414 |
175 | Libérie | .. | .. | .. | 0.339 | 0.335 | 0.350 | 0.364 | 0.374 | 0.386 | 0.393 | 0.402 | 0.407 | 0.412 |
176 | Mali | 0.208 | 0.213 | 0.232 | 0.309 | 0.359 | 0.367 | 0.377 | 0.385 | 0.393 | 0.398 | 0.405 | 0.406 | 0.407 |
177 | Guinea-Bissau | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.387 | 0.393 | 0.395 | 0.397 | 0.397 | 0.401 | 0.402 | 0.396 | 0.396 |
178 | Mosambik | 0.246 | 0.205 | 0.216 | 0.285 | 0.343 | 0.348 | 0.359 | 0.366 | 0.375 | 0.380 | 0.384 | 0.389 | 0.393 |
179 | Guinea | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.366 | 0.374 | 0.377 | 0.377 | 0.376 | 0.380 | 0.387 | 0.391 | 0.392 |
180 | Burundi | 0.230 | 0.270 | 0.291 | 0.290 | 0.319 | 0.339 | 0.350 | 0.362 | 0.372 | 0.381 | 0.384 | 0.386 | 0.389 |
181 | Burkina Faso | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.321 | 0.328 | 0.338 | 0.349 | 0.357 | 0.367 | 0.376 | 0.385 | 0.388 |
182 | Eritrea | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.373 | 0.377 | 0.380 | 0.381 |
183 | Sierra Leone | 0.276 | 0.279 | 0.263 | 0.297 | 0.329 | 0.335 | 0.340 | 0.346 | 0.350 | 0.353 | 0.360 | 0.368 | 0.374 |
184 | Čadská republika | .. | .. | .. | 0.301 | 0.324 | 0.325 | 0.331 | 0.338 | 0.343 | 0.349 | 0.365 | 0.370 | 0.372 |
185 | Středoafrická republika | 0.295 | 0.310 | 0.310 | 0.314 | 0.327 | 0.332 | 0.338 | 0.344 | 0.349 | 0.355 | 0.361 | 0.365 | 0.341 |
186 | Kongo | 0.336 | 0.348 | 0.319 | 0.274 | 0.292 | 0.297 | 0.301 | 0.307 | 0.313 | 0.319 | 0.323 | 0.333 | 0.338 |
187 | Niger | 0.191 | 0.197 | 0.218 | 0.262 | 0.293 | 0.297 | 0.303 | 0.309 | 0.312 | 0.323 | 0.328 | 0.335 | 0.337 |
.. | Jižní Súdán | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | Tuvalu | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | Somálsko | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | San Marino | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | Nauru | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | Monako | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | Marshallovy ostrovy | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. | Korejská lidově demokratická republika | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
.. = data nejsou k dispozici
Kritika
Jeden ze základních bodů kritiky je to, že HDI poutá pozornost na velmi široké a nejasné pojmy jako je lidský rozvoj. Mnohem jasněji definovaný je například HDP (Hrubý domácí produkt). Například Streeten píše, že takovéto indexy úspěšně upoutávají pozornost veřejnosti a zjednodušují problém mnohem více, než dlouhý výčet mnoha indikátorů spojených s vědeckou debatou.
Dále se kritika ozývá na otázku těchto problémů: nesprávná data, zvolení špatných indikátorů, obecné problémy s vzorcem pro výpočet, konkrétně nepřesný výčet příjmů a výdajů a zbytečnost indexu.
- Index je kritizován z důvodu nepravidelného měření, možnosti nesprávného nahlášení dat a neúplného sběru dat ve státu.
- Chybí indikátory pro výpočet (míra lidské svobody, přístup k zdravotní péči, kvalita vzdělání atd.) nebo jsou nesprávné.
- Ozývá se kritika, že vzoreček pro výpočet HDI je nahodilý a nesprávný. Jeho složky jsou spojovány způsobem, který byl přirovnán k “sčítání jablek a hrušek”. Konkrétním případem je nepřesnost výpočtu příjmu na jednotlivce.
- HDI neposkytuje žádné nové informace než ty, které jsou dostupné v HDP na jednotlivce.[11]
Odkazy
Poznámky
- ↑ Data za rok 2010 nejsou k dispozici.
Reference
- ↑ Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators" [online]. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme [cit. 2019-12-09]. S. 22–25. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Human Development Index and its components [online]. Human Development Reports [cit. 2012-11-09]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Indices & Data | Human Development Reports (HDR) | United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
- ↑ Technical notes [online]. UNDP, [cit. 2015-01-04]. s. 2, 10. Dostupné z: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14_technical_notes.pdf
- ↑ SYROVÁTKA, Miroslav. Jak (ne)měřit kvalitu života. Kritické pohledy na index lidského rozvoje. 2008. Dostupné z: http://www.development.upol.cz/uploads/dokumenty/Syrovatka_HDI.pdf. Bakalářská práce.
- ↑ PROCHÁZKA, Ondřej. Index lidského rozvoje a jeho využití jako indikátoru mezinárodních rozdílů v kvalitě života. Brno, 2012. Dostupné z: http://is.muni.cz/th/350697/prif_b/BP.pdf. Bakalářská práce. Masarykova univerzita.
- ↑ About Human Development. In: UNDP. Human Development Report [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-01-04]. Dostupné z: http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev
- ↑ Technical notes [online]. UNDP, [cit. 2015-01-04]. S. 2-4, 10. Dostupné z: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14_technical_notes.pdf
- ↑ Human Development Report 2019. [s.l.]: Rozvojový program OSN 366 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5. S. 300–303. (anglicky) Archivováno 9. 12. 2019 na Wayback Machine.
- ↑ UNDP. Human Development Report 2014. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2014. ISBN 978-92-1-126368-8.
- ↑ STANTON, Elizabeth. The Human Development Index: A History. Amherts, 2007. s. 16-22. University of Massachusetts-Amherst.
Související články
- Seznam států světa podle indexu lidského rozvoje
- Seznam států světa podle narovnaného indexu lidského rozvoje
Externí odkazy
- Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu index lidského rozvoje na Wikimedia Commons
- (anglicky) World Rank - Human developement index
- (anglicky) Human Development Report Office
- (anglicky) 2014 Zpráva OSN o lidském rozvoji (PDF)
- (anglicky) 2014 Technical notes - Human Development Report
- (anglicky) Seznam zemí podle HDI na NationMaster.com
- HraoZemi.cz - Index lidského rozvoje
Média použitá na této stránce
Zelený pruh má znázorňovat většinové katolické obyvatelsto Irska, oranžový pruh reprezentuje protestantskou menšinu a bílý pruh uprostřed znázorňuje mír a harmonii mezi nimi.
Flag of Australia, when congruence with this colour chart is required (i.e. when a "less bright" version is needed).
See Flag of Australia.svg for main file information.The Flag of Iceland.
- Horizontal aspect ratio: 7:1:2:1:14;
- Vertical aspect ratio: 7:1:2:1:7.
Finská vlajka
Flag of Canada introduced in 1965, using Pantone colors. This design replaced the Canadian Red Ensign design.
This is the national flag of Belgium, according to the Official Guide to Belgian Protocol. It has a 13:15 aspect ratio, though it is rarely seen in this ratio.
Its colours are defined as Pantone black, Pantone yellow 115, and Pantone red 032; also given as CMYK 0,0,0,100; 0,8.5,79,0; and 0,94,87,0.Flag of Liechtenstein
Vlajka České republiky. Podoba státní vlajky České republiky je definována zákonem České národní rady č. 3/1993 Sb., o státních symbolech České republiky, přijatým 17. prosince 1992 a který nabyl účinnosti 1. ledna 1993, kdy rozdělením České a Slovenské Federativní republiky vznikla samostatná Česká republika. Vlajka je popsána v § 4 takto: „Státní vlajka České republiky se skládá z horního pruhu bílého a dolního pruhu červeného, mezi něž je vsunut žerďový modrý klín do poloviny délky vlajky. Poměr šířky k její délce je 2 : 3.“
Flag of Portugal, created by Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (1857-1929), officially adopted by Portuguese government in June 30th 1911 (in use since about November 1910).
Při zobrazení tohoto souboru lze snadno přidat orámování
Old flag of Russia from the Tsarist era. This variant is still used today.
Flag of Iran. The tricolor flag was introduced in 1906, but after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 the Arabic words 'Allahu akbar' ('God is great'), written in the Kufic script of the Qur'an and repeated 22 times, were added to the red and green strips where they border the white central strip and in the middle is the emblem of Iran (which is a stylized Persian alphabet of the Arabic word Allah ("God")).
The official ISIRI standard (translation at FotW) gives two slightly different methods of construction for the flag: a compass-and-straightedge construction used for File:Flag of Iran (official).svg, and a "simplified" construction sheet with rational numbers used for this file.
Georgian flag in Pantone MS.
The national flag of Kingdom of Thailand since September 2017; there are total of 3 colours:
- Red represents the blood spilt to protect Thailand’s independence and often more simply described as representing the nation.
- White represents the religion of Buddhism, the predominant religion of the nation
- Blue represents the monarchy of the nation, which is recognised as the centre of Thai hearts.
The flag of the Dominican Republic has a centered white cross that extends to the edges. This emblem is similar to the flag design and shows a bible, a cross of gold and 6 Dominican flags. There are branches of olive and palm around the shield and above on the ribbon is the motto "Dios,Patria!, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom") and to amiable freedom. The blue is said to stand for liberty, red for the fire and blood of the independence struggle and the white cross symbolized that God has not forgotten his people. "Republica Dominicana". The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, father of the national Independence of Dominican Republic. The first dominican flag was sewn by a young lady named Concepción Bona, who lived across the street of El Baluarte, monument where the patriots gathered to fight for the independence, the night of February 27th, 1844. Concepción Bona was helped by her first cousin María de Jesús Pina.
The flag of the Dominican Republic has a centered white cross that extends to the edges. This emblem is similar to the flag design and shows a bible, a cross of gold and 6 Dominican flags. There are branches of olive and palm around the shield and above on the ribbon is the motto "Dios,Patria!, Libertad" ("God, Country, Freedom") and to amiable freedom. The blue is said to stand for liberty, red for the fire and blood of the independence struggle and the white cross symbolized that God has not forgotten his people. "Republica Dominicana". The Dominican flag was designed by Juan Pablo Duarte, father of the national Independence of Dominican Republic. The first dominican flag was sewn by a young lady named Concepción Bona, who lived across the street of El Baluarte, monument where the patriots gathered to fight for the independence, the night of February 27th, 1844. Concepción Bona was helped by her first cousin María de Jesús Pina.
Flag of Jamaica. “The sunshine, the land is green, and the people are strong and bold” is the symbolism of the colours of the flag. GOLD represents the natural wealth and beauty of sunlight; GREEN represents hope and agricultural resources; BLACK represents the strength and creativity of the people. The original symbolism, however, was "Hardships there are, but the land is green, and the sun shineth", where BLACK represented the hardships being faced.
Flag of Maldives. The colours used are Pantone 186 C for red and Pantone 348 C for green.
bendera Indonesia
Used color: National flag | South African Government and Pantone Color Picker
zelená | rendered as RGB 0 119 73 | Pantone 3415 C |
žlutá | rendered as RGB 255 184 28 | Pantone 1235 C |
červená | rendered as RGB 224 60 49 | Pantone 179 C |
modrá | rendered as RGB 0 20 137 | Pantone Reflex Blue C |
bílá | rendered as RGB 255 255 255 | |
černá | rendered as RGB 0 0 0 |
Flag of Bolivia* | |
---|---|
country | Template:I18n/Republic of Bolivia |
used by | Bolivia |
from | 1851 |
until | Present |
created by | Government of Bolivia |
format | 15:22 |
shape | rectangular |
colours | červená, žlutá, zelená
flag has 3 horizontal stripes |
other characteristics | A horizontal tricolor of red, yellow and green. |
Flag of Namibia
Note: The color selected is «turquoise blue» (the color mentioned in the decree), as defined by Pantone.
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe
Flag of Laos
Vlajka Angoly
Flag of Egypt (1958-1972) and flag of Syria (1958-1961) in the United Arab Republic. It also became the official flag of Syria since 1980.
Flag of Egypt (1958-1972) and flag of Syria (1958-1961) in the United Arab Republic. It also became the official flag of Syria since 1980.
Flag of Rwanda. The flag ratio is 2:3 with the stripes being 2:1:1. Colors are the following officially: Pantone 299 C 2X (blue), RAL 6029 (green), RAL 1023 (yellow) and RAL 1003 (golden yellow). (As of 03/08/2010, the only color used is the Pantone 299 C, which is from here. The rest of the colors are RAL shades from here.)
Flag of Mauritania, adopted in 2017. The National Assembly added red stripes to the top and bottom edges to represent “the blood shed by the martyrs of independence”.
Flag of the Ivory Coast, written by Jon Harald Søby, modified by Zscout370. The colors match to what is reported at http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ci.html.
Flag of Senegal
The national and official state flag of Haiti; arms obtained from http://www.webchantier.com/. The civil flag can be found at here.
Vlajka Etiopie
Flag of Burkina Faso
The proportions of this flag are 3:2; however, there is no official definition for the correct proportions and also 5:3 is widely used.
Autor:
- File:BlankMap-World6, compact.svg: Canuckguy et al.
- odvozené dílo Giro720
The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) rankings for 2011. For full details, see List of countries by Human Development Index (en.wikipedia)
over 0.900 0.850–0.899 0.800–0.849 0.750–0.799 0.700–0.749 | 0.650–0.699 0.600–0.649 0.550–0.599 0.500–0.549 0.450–0.499 | 0.400–0.449 0.350–0.399 0.300–0.349 under 0.300 Data unavailable |
The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) rankings for 2009. For full details, see List of countries by Human Development Index (en.wikipedia)
0.950 and over
0.900–0.949
0.850–0.899
0.800–0.849
0.750–0.799 |
0.700–0.749
0.650–0.699
0.600–0.649
0.550–0.599
0.500–0.549 |
0.450–0.499
0.400–0.449
0.350–0.399
under 0.350
Data unavailable |
Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index Report (Published in 2019).
Autor: Cflm001 (diskuse), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Human Development Index trends shown between 1975 and 2004. Each line represents a geographical area or international organisation.
Já, držitel autorských práv k tomuto dílu, ho tímto zveřejňuji za podmínek následující licence: