Katastrofy a neštěstí 2010
Tento článek obsahuje seznam katastrof a neštěstí, které proběhly roku 2010.
Leden
- 1. ledna byl spáchán sebevražedný bombový útok v Lakki Marwatu, měl za následek smrt 95 lidí a asi 100 zraněných
- 12. ledna došlo na Haiti k ničivému zemětřesení, vyžádalo si více než 212 000 potvrzených mrtvých, velmi mnoho zraněných a 1 200 000 lidí zůstalo bez domova
Březen
- 29. března došlo k sebevražedným bombovým útokům v Moskvě, vyžádaly si 40 mrtvých a 88 zraněných
Duben
- 10. dubna si vyžádala havárie polského vládního speciálu smrt 96 osob, převážně vysokých polských elit
- 22. dubna se v Mexickém zálivu potopila vrtná plošina a do moře vyteklo 71 až 147 milionů litrů surové ropy
Květen
- 16. května začaly v Česku, Polsku, na Slovensku a v Maďarsku povodně, které měly za následek nejméně 34 mrtvých
- 30. května Izrael vojensky zasáhl na humanitárním konvoji do Pásma Gazy, zásah si vyžádal 9 mrtvých a 60 zraněných civilistů
Červenec
- v červenci zabily povodně v Pákistánu nejméně 2000 lidí a přinesly spoustu škod
- 24. července bylo při Love Parade v německém Duisburgu ušlapáno 21 lidí a dalších několik desítek těžce zraněno
- 29. července se v Rusku a v celém centrálním federálním svazu rozhořela řada požárů kvůli vlně veder a nedostatku srážek; 53 lidí přišlo o život a 72 lidí je pohřešováno
Srpen
- 5. srpna došlo k důlnímu neštěstí u města Copiapó v Chile, 33 horníků zůstalo na 69 až 70 dní uvězněno pod povrchem
- 7. srpna propukly v Česku, na jihozápadě Polska a v Sasku bleskové povodně, vyžádaly si 8 mrtvých
- 15. srpna zapříčinilo krupobití v Praze 6 zranění a značné materiální škody
- 30. srpna zabil v Bratislavě Ľubomír Harman 7 lidí, dalších zhruba 15 postřelil a nakonec sám spáchal sebevraždu
Říjen
- 4. října došlo k protržení hráze odkaliště u Ajky, nehoda si vyžádala 10 lidských životů, okolo 130 zraněných a mnoho materiálních škod
Externí odkazy
- Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Katastrofy a neštěstí 2010 na Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
CLEARWATER, Fla. – A Coast Guard C-130 Hercules fixed-wing aircraft crew from Air Station Clearwater, conducts an overflight assessment above Port-au-Prince, Haiti, January 13, 2010. The assessment follows a 7.0 magnitude earthquake that damaged the region January 12, 2010. (Text from USCG.) However this image shows a place [1] in Léogâne.
Intense fires continued to rage in western Russia on August 4, 2010. Burning in dry peat bogs and forests, the fires produced a dense plume of smoke that reached across hundreds of kilometers. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) captured this view of the fires and smoke in three consecutive overpasses on NASA’s Terra satellite. The smooth gray-brown smoke hangs over the Russian landscape, completely obscuring the ground in places. The top image provides a close view of the fires immediately southeast of Moscow, while the lower image shows the full extent of the smoke plume.
The fires along the southern edge of the smoke plume near the city of Razan, top image, are among the most intense. Outlined in red, a line of intense fires is generating a wall of smoke. The easternmost fire in the image is extreme enough that it produced a pyrocumulus cloud, a dense towering cloud formed when intense heat from a fire pushes air high into the atmosphere.
The lower image shows the full extent of the smoke plume, spanning about 3,000 kilometers (1,860 miles) from east to west. If the smoke were in the United States, it would extend approximately from San Francisco to Chicago. The MODIS sensor acquired the right section of the image starting at 5:55 UTC (10:55 a.m. local time, 8:55 a.m. in Moscow). The center section is from the overpass starting at 7:35 UTC (11:35 local time, 10:35 in Moscow), and the westernmost section was taken at 9:10 UTC (12:10 p.m. local time in Moscow).
Early analyses of data from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), another instrument on the Terra satellite, indicates that smoke from previous days has at times reached 12 kilometers (six miles) above Earth’s surface into the stratosphere. At such heights, smoke is able to travel long distances to affect air quality far away. This may be one reason that the smoke covers such a large area. The pyrocumulus cloud and the detection of smoke in the stratosphere are good indicators that the fires are large and extremely intense.
According to news reports, 520 fires were burning in western Russia on August 4. MODIS detected far fewer. It is likely that the remaining fires were hidden from the satellite’s view by the thick smoke and scattered clouds. High temperatures and severe drought dried vegetation throughout central Russia, creating hazardous fire conditions in July.
As of August 4, 48 people had died in the fires and more than 2,000 had lost their homes throughout central Russia, said news reports. The dense smoke also created hazardous air quality over a broad region. Visibility in Moscow dropped to 20 meters (0.01 miles) on August 4, and health officials warned that everyone, including healthy people, needed to take preventative measures such as staying indoors or wearing a mask outdoors, reported the Wall Street Journal. In the image, Moscow is hidden under a pall of smoke. Close to the fires, smoke poses a health risk because it contains small particles (soot) and hazardous gases that can irritate the eyes and respiratory system. Smoke also contains chemicals that lead to ozone production farther away from the fires.Natural-colour image of the area surrounding the toxic sludge spill in Hungary. The alumina plant appears along the right edge of the image and incorporates both bright blue and brick red reservoirs. The sludge forms a red-orange streak running west from the plant. This view shows the spill thinning but remaining discernible for several kilometres to the west.
Description from NASA (source):
"NASA's Terra Satellites Sees Spill on May 24
Sunlight illuminated the lingering oil slick off the Mississippi Delta on May 24, 2010. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this image the same day.
Oil smoothes the ocean surface, making the Sun’s reflection brighter near the centerline of the path of the satellite, and reducing the scattering of sunlight in other places. As a result, the oil slick is brighter than the surrounding water in some places (image center) and darker than the surrounding water in others (image lower right). The tip of the Mississippi Delta is surrounded by muddy water that appears light tan. Bright white ribbons of oil streak across this sediment-laden water.
Tendrils of oil extend to the north and east of the main body of the slick. A small, dark plume along the edge of the slick, not far from the original location of the Deepwater Horizon rig, indicates a possible controlled burn of oil on the ocean surface.
To the west of the bird’s-foot part of the delta, dark patches in the water may also be oil, but detecting a manmade oil slick in coastal areas can be even more complicated than detecting it in the open ocean.
When oil slicks are visible in satellite images, it is because they have changed how the water reflects light, either by making the Sun’s reflection brighter or by dampening the scattering of sunlight, which makes the oily area darker. In coastal areas, however, similar changes in reflectivity can occur from differences in salinity (fresh versus salt water) and from naturally produced oils from plants.