Knoxville (Tennessee)
| Knoxville | |
|---|---|
 | |
 znak  vlajka | |
| Poloha | |
| Souřadnice | 35°57′42″ s. š., 83°55′24″ z. d. |
| Nadmořská výška | 270 m n. m. |
| Stát |  Spojené státy americké |
| Federální stát | Tennessee |
| Okres | Knox County |
  Knoxville | |
| Rozloha a obyvatelstvo | |
| Rozloha | 269,8 km² |
| Počet obyvatel | 190 740 (2020)[1] |
| Hustota zalidnění | 707 obyv./km² |
| Správa | |
| Starosta | Indya Kincannon (od 2019) |
| Vznik | 1786 |
| Oficiální web | www |
| Telefonní předvolba | 865 |
| PSČ | 37902 |
 multimediální obsah na Commons | |
| Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky. | |
Knoxville je město v okrese Knox County ve státě Tennessee ve Spojených státech amerických.
Historie
První osídlení předkolumbovské éry je zde doloženo mezi léty 1000-1400 našeho letopočtu. Mohyla tehdejších obyvatel je chráněnou archeologickou památkou a dochovala se na pozemku zemědělské fakulty knoxvillské univerzity.
Američtí kolonizátoři v čele s generálem Jamesem Whitem (1747–1821) se při zdejší osadě usadili během války za nezávislost v roce 1786 a pojmenovali své sídlo po Henrym Knoxovi. Oficiálně bylo město založeno roku 1791. Nejstarší dochovanou stavbou ve městě je dřevěný hrázděný dům Jamese Whitea, zvaný Fort James White. Roku 1855 byla do města přivedena železnice, která vyvolala ekonomický boom. V roce 2020 zde žilo 194 740 obyvatel. S celkovou rozlohou 269,8 km² byla hustota zalidnění 707 obyvatel na km².
Kultura
- Knoxvillský symfonický orchestr (KSO) byl založen roku 1935 a je nejstarším nepřetržitě existujícím hudebním tělesem na americkém jihozápadě.
- V roce 1982 se zde konala světová výstava energetických zdrojů Knoxville International Energy Exposition (KIEE), pro kterou byly postaveny dvě dominanty městaː amfiteátr a rozhledna s výzkumnou energetickou laboratoří The Sunsphere" (Sluneční sféra).
- Od roku 2009 se v amfiteátru koná hudební festival nezávislé hudby Big Ears Festival, na němž během pozdějších let vystupovali například John Cale, Adrian Belew, Philip Glass, Terry Riley nebo Steve Reich.
Vzdělání
Univerzita byla založena v letech 1919-1921. Ayres Hall je první budova jejího campusu, postavená v anglickém "revival stylu". Stojí na místě středověké indiánské osady.
Partnerská města
Zdroj Sister Cities International:[2]
Chełm, Polsko
Čcheng-tu, Čína
Kao-siung, Tchaj-wan
Larisa, Řecko
Muroran, Japonsko
Neuquén, Argentina
Jesan, Jižní Korea
Slavní rodáci
- James Agee (1909–1955), spisovatel, novinář, filmový kritik a scenárista[3]
- Quentin Tarantino (* 1963), filmový režisér, scenárista a herec, držitel Oscara[4]
- Johnny Knoxville (* 1971), herec a komik[5]
- Christina Hendricks (* 1975), herečka[6]
- Randy Orton (* 1980), profesionální wrestler[7]
Reference
- ↑ 2020 United States Census. Dostupné online. [cit. 2022-01-01].
- ↑ Sister City Directory. [online]. Sister Cities International [cit. 2011-04-01]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2007-07-09.
- ↑ James Agee. biography.yourdictionary.com [online]. [cit. 2023-02-15]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ https://www.biography.com/movies-tv/quentin-tarantino. Biography [online]. 2020-09-23 [cit. 2023-02-15]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Johnny Knoxville - Biography. IMDb [online]. [cit. 2024-07-02]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ KHAN. Christina Hendricks Biography, Wiki, Height, Age, Boyfriend & More [online]. 2022-06-19 [cit. 2023-02-15]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Randy Orton WWE | News, Rumors, Photos & More. www.sportskeeda.com [online]. [cit. 2023-02-15]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Knoxville na Wikimedia Commons 
Encyklopedické heslo Knoxville v Ottově slovníku naučném ve Wikizdrojích- (anglicky) Oficiální stránky
Média použitá na této stránce
Usa edcp location map.svg
Autor: Uwe Dedering, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Location map of the USA (without Hawaii and Alaska).
Autor: Uwe Dedering, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Location map of the USA (without Hawaii and Alaska).
EquiDistantConicProjection:
Central parallel:
* N: 37.0° N
Central meridian:
* E: 96.0° W
Standard parallels:
* 1: 32.0° N * 2: 42.0° N
Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.
Formulas for x and y:
x = 50.0 + 124.03149777329222 * ((1.9694462586094064-({{{2}}}* pi / 180))
* sin(0.6010514667026994 * ({{{3}}} + 96) * pi / 180))
y = 50.0 + 1.6155950752393982 * 124.03149777329222 * 0.02613325650382181
- 1.6155950752393982 * 124.03149777329222 *
(1.3236744353715044 - (1.9694462586094064-({{{2}}}* pi / 180))
* cos(0.6010514667026994 * ({{{3}}} + 96) * pi / 180))
Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee.svg
Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee. It is the 3rd oldest official city flag in the United States.
Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee. It is the 3rd oldest official city flag in the United States.
Knoxville TN skyline.jpg
Autor: Nathan C. Fortner (User:Nfutvol at en.wikipedia), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Eastward view of the skyline of downtown Knoxville, Tennessee.
Autor: Nathan C. Fortner (User:Nfutvol at en.wikipedia), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Eastward view of the skyline of downtown Knoxville, Tennessee.
Ayres Hall, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Fort Sanders, Knoxville, TN - 52496782562.jpg
Autor: w_lemay, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Built between 1919 and 1921, this Collegiate Gothic Revival-style building was designed by Miller, Fullenwider and Dowling and named for the former President of the University of Tennessee, Brown Ayres (1856–1919), whom served as university president from 1904-19. The building replaced the Old College Building, built in 1828, as well as the East College and West College buildings, which were built prior to the US Civil War and were among the oldest buildings on campus, and marked the start of a major campus redevelopment program that extended well into the mid-20th Century that replaced most of the 19th Century buildings with larger Collegiate Gothic Revival-style buildings that define the campus today, with only the South College Building remaining from the time prior to this redevelopment. The building features a central iconic Gothic Revival-style tower with limestone trim, clock faces, an open belfry, and crenellated parapet, which sits on the central wing of the building which features a low slope roof surrounded by a parapet, and entrances on the front and rear with portals and decorative surrounds below multi-story oriel windows. The central wing is flanked by two side wings which feature red shingle gabled roofs, large banks of windows, limestone trim, and several side entrances to the building. Ayres Hall presently houses the Mathematics Department of the University of Tennessee and was rehabilitated between 2008 and 2011, adding several features to the building that were originally planned but never implemented. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
Autor: w_lemay, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Built between 1919 and 1921, this Collegiate Gothic Revival-style building was designed by Miller, Fullenwider and Dowling and named for the former President of the University of Tennessee, Brown Ayres (1856–1919), whom served as university president from 1904-19. The building replaced the Old College Building, built in 1828, as well as the East College and West College buildings, which were built prior to the US Civil War and were among the oldest buildings on campus, and marked the start of a major campus redevelopment program that extended well into the mid-20th Century that replaced most of the 19th Century buildings with larger Collegiate Gothic Revival-style buildings that define the campus today, with only the South College Building remaining from the time prior to this redevelopment. The building features a central iconic Gothic Revival-style tower with limestone trim, clock faces, an open belfry, and crenellated parapet, which sits on the central wing of the building which features a low slope roof surrounded by a parapet, and entrances on the front and rear with portals and decorative surrounds below multi-story oriel windows. The central wing is flanked by two side wings which feature red shingle gabled roofs, large banks of windows, limestone trim, and several side entrances to the building. Ayres Hall presently houses the Mathematics Department of the University of Tennessee and was rehabilitated between 2008 and 2011, adding several features to the building that were originally planned but never implemented. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
The Sunsphere, Knoxville, TN - 52474028288.jpg
Autor: w_lemay, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Erected in 1982 for the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, this modern observation tower was designed by Community Tectonics under lead architect Hubert Bebb, and structural engineering firm Stanley D. Lindsey and Associates, Ltd. The tower features an open green-painted steel structure on the exterior with chevron bracing, slanted exterior steel members that distribute the load of the structure’s weight over a larger area, with an elevator core clad in metal panels in the center, enclosing the stairwells, elevator shafts, and utility shafts, and a sphere at the top with a gold-tinted curtain wall, which resembles the sun. There is an open deck on the second story of the structure with access to the elevator and stairs, which sits at the same level as Clinch Avenue and the main entrance to the adjacent Knoxville Convention Center, with another entrance from the plaza in the Second Creek Valley below. The tower houses an observation deck, with commercial rental space and events space inside the sphere, though it is not very heavily utilized, and has gone through several periods of being closed entirely to the public, most recently during the 2020-21 pandemic.
Autor: w_lemay, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Erected in 1982 for the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, this modern observation tower was designed by Community Tectonics under lead architect Hubert Bebb, and structural engineering firm Stanley D. Lindsey and Associates, Ltd. The tower features an open green-painted steel structure on the exterior with chevron bracing, slanted exterior steel members that distribute the load of the structure’s weight over a larger area, with an elevator core clad in metal panels in the center, enclosing the stairwells, elevator shafts, and utility shafts, and a sphere at the top with a gold-tinted curtain wall, which resembles the sun. There is an open deck on the second story of the structure with access to the elevator and stairs, which sits at the same level as Clinch Avenue and the main entrance to the adjacent Knoxville Convention Center, with another entrance from the plaza in the Second Creek Valley below. The tower houses an observation deck, with commercial rental space and events space inside the sphere, though it is not very heavily utilized, and has gone through several periods of being closed entirely to the public, most recently during the 2020-21 pandemic.