Lokomoce živočichů
Lokomoce živočichů je termín pro přemísťování se živočichů z místa na místo. Buď prouděním protoplazmy, například u měňavky, nebo stahům svalů u větších živočichů. Podle prostředí, v němž se pohyb provádí, se rozeznává hlavně chůze (běh), plavání nebo let.
Animal Locomotion
V roce 1877 nafotografoval Eadweard Muybridge své rozsáhlé experimenty a zdokonalil svou techniku. Fotografoval až třiceti kamerami. Jako výsledek své práce ve Filadelfii roku 1887 zveřejnil 781 světlotisků pod názvem Animal Locomotion a The Human Figure in Motion. Tyto sekvence fotografií pořízených ve zlomcích sekundy od sebe zachycují obrazy různých zvířat a lidí při různých akcích.
Galerie
Výběr z Muybridgeova díla Animal Locomotion:
Literatura
- HILL, Marta. Eadweard Muybridge: The Kingston Museum Bequest. East Sussex, United Kingdom: The Projection Box, 2004. Dostupné online. ISBN 1-903000-07-6. Kapitola Animal Locomotion, s. 33.
- James R. Usherwood and Michael C. Granatosky (2020). Limb work and joint work minimization reveal an energetic benefit to the elbows-back, knees-forward limb design in parasagittal quadrupeds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287(1940): 20201517. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1517
Související články
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu lokomoce živočichů ve Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
The Horse in Motion by Eadweard Muybridge. Noted photographer, Eadweard Muybridge was hired, in 1872, by Leland Stanford a railroad baron and future university founder, to find out if there was moment mid-stride where horses had all hooves off the ground.[1] It took several years but Muybridge delivered having captured a horse, named "Sallie Gardner," owned by Stanford; running at a 1:40 gait over the Palo Alto track, on 19th June 1878.[1] Muybridge used a dozen cameras all triggered one after another with a set of strings. [1]
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BPLDC no.: 08_11_000664
Title: Animal locomotion. Plate 673
Volume: Vol. X. : Domestic Animals.
Creator: Muybridge, Eadweard, 1830-1904
Copyright Date: 1887
Extent: 1 photomechanical print : collotype
Genre: Collotypes; Motion study photographs; Book illustrations
Description: Sow; walking
Subject: Swine; Walking; Animal locomotion
Notes: Plate in: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements, 1872-1885 / By Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : University of Pennylvania, 1887, v. 10; Plate descriptions from: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements : prospectus and catalogue of plates / by Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : Printed by J.B. Lippincott Company, 1887.
BPL Department: Rare Books Department
Flickr data on 2011-08-09:
- Camera: Sinar AG Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m
- User: Boston Public Library BPL
.jpg)
BPLDC no.: 08_11_000746
Title: Animal locomotion. Plate 755
Volume: Vol. XI. : Wild Animals and Birds.
Creator: Muybridge, Eadweard, 1830-1904
Copyright Date: 1887
Extent: 1 photomechanical print : collotype
Genre: Collotypes; Motion study photographs; Book illustrations
Description: Pigeon; flying
Subject: Pigeons; Flying; Animal locomotion
Notes: Plate in: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements, 1872-1885 / By Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : University of Pennylvania, 1887, v. 11; Plate descriptions from: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements : prospectus and catalogue of plates / by Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : Printed by J.B. Lippincott Company, 1887.
BPL Department: Rare Books Department
Flickr data on 2011-08-08:
- Camera: Sinar AG Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m
- User: Boston Public Library BPL
.jpg)
BPLDC no.: 08_11_000704
Title: Animal locomotion. Plate 695
Volume: Vol. XI. : Wild Animals and Birds.
Creator: Muybridge, Eadweard, 1830-1904
Copyright Date: 1887
Extent: 1 photomechanical print : collotype
Genre: Collotypes; Motion study photographs; Book illustrations
Description: Elk; galloping
Subject: Elk; Running; Animal locomotion
Notes: Plate in: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements, 1872-1885 / By Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : University of Pennylvania, 1887, v. 11; Plate descriptions from: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements : prospectus and catalogue of plates / by Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : Printed by J.B. Lippincott Company, 1887.
BPL Department: Rare Books Department
Flickr data on 2011-08-08:
- Camera: Sinar AG Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m
- User: Boston Public Library BPL
.jpg)
BPLDC no.: 08_11_000612
Title: Animal locomotion. Plate 621
Volume: Vol. IX. : Horses.
Creator: Muybridge, Eadweard, 1830-1904
Copyright Date: 1887
Extent: 1 photomechanical print : collotype
Genre: Collotypes; Motion study photographs; Book illustrations
Description: Canter; saddle; thoroughbred bay mare, Annie G.
Subject: Horses; Horseback riding; Animal locomotion
Notes: Plate in: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements, 1872-1885 / By Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : University of Pennylvania, 1887, v. 9; Plate descriptions from: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements : prospectus and catalogue of plates / by Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : Printed by J.B. Lippincott Company, 1887.
BPL Department: Rare Books Department
Flickr data on 2011-08-09:
- Camera: Sinar AG Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m
- User: Boston Public Library BPL
.jpg)
BPLDC no.: 08_11_000685
Title: Animal locomotion. Plate 717
Volume: Vol. X. : Domestic Animals.
Creator: Muybridge, Eadweard, 1830-1904
Copyright Date: 1887
Extent: 1 photomechanical print : collotype
Genre: Collotypes; Motion study photographs; Book illustrations
Description: Cat; rotting; change to galloping
Subject: Cats; Running; Animal locomotion
Notes: Plate in: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements, 1872-1885 / By Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : University of Pennylvania, 1887, v. 10; Plate descriptions from: Animal locomotion : an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements : prospectus and catalogue of plates / by Eadweard Muybridge. Philadelphia : Printed by J.B. Lippincott Company, 1887.
BPL Department: Rare Books Department
Flickr data on 2011-08-09:
- Camera: Sinar AG Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m
- User: Boston Public Library BPL