Mars Hand Lens Imager
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Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) je jedna ze 17 fotografických kamer na vozítku Curiosity rover mise Mars Science Laboratory. Zařízení je namontováno na robotické paži na věži vozítka.
Popis
Primárně je zařízení určeno k pořizování mikroskopických snímků hornin a půdy, ale může být použito k pořizování i jiných snímků. MAHLI je schopno nasnímat fotografie ve věrných barvách o velikosti 1600×1200 pixelů s rozlišením až 13,9 mikrometrů na pixel. MAHLI disponuje ohniskovou vzdáleností od 18,3 mm do 21,3 mm a úhlem pohledu od 33,8 do 38,5 stupňů.[1] MAHLI disponuje bílým a ultrafialovým LED osvětlením pro snímání ve tmě nebo fluorescenčním spektru. Umožňuje mechanické zaostřování od několika desítek milimetrů až do nekonečna.[1] Systém může pořizovat snímky procesem hyperfokus (focus stacking, složené snímky s velkou hloubkou ostrosti).[2] MAHLI může ukládat snímky ve formátu RAW nebo v reálném čase použít bezeztrátovou kompresi ve formátu JPEG.[1]
Podle vyjádření společnosti NASA je „hlavním účelem fotoaparátu získat detailní snímky kamenů a půdy s vysokým rozlišením v oblasti kráteru Gale. Kamera je schopna zaostřit jakýkoli cíl od vzdálenosti asi 2,1 cm až do nekonečna. To znamená, že může pořídit také obrázky marsické krajiny.“[3]
Fotografie
Fotografie pořízené zařízením Mars Hand Lens Imager:
Testovací fotografie pořízená poblíž jezera Christmas Lake v Oregonu. Fotoaparát má rozlišení 15,4 mikronů na pixel, což je asi dvakrát více než má fotografická kamera na vozítkách Mars Rovers Spirit a Opportunity. Snímek pokrývá plochu přibližně 2,5 centimetru.
Schéma s umístěním kamer
Schéma z jiného pohledu, MAHLI má číslo 5
Odkazy
Reference
- ↑ a b c Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) [online]. NASA/JPL [cit. 2009-03-23]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2012-08-15. (anglicky)
- ↑ Kenneth S. Edgett. Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) [online]. NASA [cit. 2012-01-11]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2012-08-15. (anglicky)
- ↑ Curiosity's First Color Image of the Martian Landscape
Související články
- Curiosity rover
- Mars (planeta)
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Mars Hand Lens Imager na Wikimedia Commons - NASA - MAHLI Archivováno 15. 8. 2012 na Wayback Machine
- NASA - Curiosity's Landscape Portrait in Context
Média použitá na této stránce
This view of the landscape to the north of NASA's Mars rover Curiosity was acquired by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) on the afternoon of the first day after landing. (The team calls this day Sol 1, which is the first Martian day of operations; Sol 1 began on Aug. 6, 2012.)
In the distance, the image shows the north wall and rim of Gale Crater. The image is murky because the MAHLI's removable dust cover is apparently coated with dust blown onto the camera during the rover's terminal descent. Images taken without the dust cover in place are expected during checkout of the robotic arm in coming weeks.
The MAHLI is located on the turret at the end of Curiosity's robotic arm. At the time the MAHLI Sol 1 image was acquired, the robotic arm was in its stowed position. It has been stowed since the rover was packaged for its Nov. 26, 2011, launch.
The MAHLI has a transparent dust cover. This image was acquired with the dust cover closed. The cover will not be opened until more than a week after the landing.
When the robotic arm, turret, and MAHLI are stowed, the MAHLI is in a position that is rotated 30 degrees relative to the rover deck. The MAHLI image shown here has been rotated to correct for that tilt, so that the sky is "up" and the ground is "down".
When the robotic arm, turret, and MAHLI are stowed, the MAHLI is looking out from the front left side of the rover. This is much like the view from the driver's side of cars sold in the USA.
The main purpose of Curiosity's MAHLI camera is to acquire close-up, high-resolution views of rocks and soil at the rover's Gale Crater field site. The camera is capable of focusing on any target at distances of about 0.8 inch (2.1 centimeters) to infinity. This means it can, as shown here, also obtain pictures of the Martian landscape.
The NASA martian rover MSL (Curiosity) uses a 2-meter-long Robotic Arm which can manipulate a Turret approximately 600-mm-diameter Turret with 5 devices :
- Dust Removal Tool (DRT) d'un diamètre efficace de 4,5 cm
- (Powder Acquisition Drill System (PADS )
- Collection and Handling for Interior Martian Rock Analysis (CHIMRA)
- Alpha-Particle-X-ray-Spectrometer (APXS)
- Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI)
This view of grains from a sand dune near Christmas Lake, Ore., was taken by a test version of the Mars Hand Lens Imager camera on Curiosity, NASA's Mars Science Laboratory, which is slated to launch in fall 2011. The image includes three manufactured spheres; each is a 2-millimeter-diameter (0.08-inch-diameter) ball bearing, placed to provide an independent measure of the image scale. Reflected in each sphere is the glow from the camera's four white light-emitting diodes. This image has a resolution of 15.4 microns per pixel, which is about twice as high as the camera resolution on Mars Rovers Spirit and Opportunity. The view covers an area about 1 inch, or 2.5 centimeters, across.
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This annotated artists' concept shows the location of all of the Curiosity rover's 17 cameras. "Engineering cameras", such as the navigation and hazard avoidance cameras, are those that help humans on Earth "see" so they can drive the rover across the tough martian terrain. Navigation cameras are placed upon the "head" for a long distance view, while hazard avoidance cameras are placed so they see obstacles right in front of the rover. "Science cameras" are those that are used by the science teams to learn about the chemistry and evolution of martian land forms, from the wide angle, panoramic cameras to the magifying camera at the end of Curiosity's arm.
The rover's mast features seven cameras: the Remote Micro Imager, part of the Chemistry and Camera suite; four black-and-white Navigation Cameras (two on the left and two on the right) and two color Mast Cameras (Mastcams). The left Mastcam has a 34-millimeter lens and the right Mastcam has a 100-millimeter lens. There is one camera on the end of a robotic arm that is stowed in this graphic; it is called the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI). There are nine cameras hard-mounted to the rover: two pairs of black-and-white Hazard Avoidance Cameras in the front, another two pair mounted to the rear of the rover, (dashed arrows in the graphic) and the color Mars Descent Imager (MARDI).
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope took the picture of Mars on June 26, 2001, when Mars was approximately 68 million kilometers (43 million miles) from Earth — the closest Mars has ever been to Earth since 1988. Hubble can see details as small as 16 kilometers (10 miles) across. The colors have been carefully balanced to give a realistic view of Mars' hues as they might appear through a telescope. Especially striking is the large amount of seasonal dust storm activity seen in this image. One large storm system is churning high above the northern polar cap (top of image), and a smaller dust storm cloud can be seen nearby. Another large dust storm is spilling out of the giant Hellas impact basin in the Southern Hemisphere (lower right).
The Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI)