SMACS J0723.3–7327

SMACS J0723.3–7327
Pozorovací údaje
(Ekvinokcium J2000,0)
Typkupa galaxií a zdroj rentgenového záření
SouhvězdíLétající ryba
Zdánlivá magnituda (V)0,189 3[1]
Rudý posuv0,39
Označení v katalozích
(V) – měření provedena ve viditelném světle
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

SMACS J0723.3–7327, neboli SMACS 0723, je kupa galaxií vzdálená asi přibližně 4 miliardy světelných let od Země[2] v souhvězdí Létající ryby (RA/Dec = 110,8375, −73,4391667).[3][4][5][6] Je malou částí oblohy viditelnou z jižní polokoule na Zemi a často pozorovaná Hubbleovým vesmírným dalekohledem a dalšími dalekohledy při hledání minulosti vesmíru.[2] Byl cílem prvního celobarevného zveřejněného snímku Vesmírným dalekohledem Jamese Webba, pořízeného pomocí NIRCam, včetně spekter, ukazujících rudé posuvy, které zobrazují objekty o stáří 13,1 miliardy let.[7] Již dříve byl pozorován Hubbleovým vesmírným dalekohledem v rámci Southern MAssive Cluster Survey (SMACS),[8] stejně jako dalekohledy Planck a Chandra.[9]

Galerie

Deep Field – kupa galaxií SMACS J0723.3-7327.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

  • Fotografie pořízená Hubbleovým teleskopem (2017)

    Fotografie pořízená Hubbleovým teleskopem (2017)

  • Fotografie pořízená Webbovým teleskopem (2022)[16]

    Fotografie pořízená Webbovým teleskopem (2022)[16]

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku SMACS J0723.3–7327 na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Dan Coe, Brett Salmon, Maruša Bradač, Larry Bradley, Keren Sharon, Adi Zitrin, Ana Acebron, Victoria Strait, Rachel Paterno-Mahler, Guillaume Mahler, Roberto J. Avila, Kuang-Han Huang, Pascal Oesch, Michele Trenti, D. Carrasco, William Dawson, Steven Rodney, Louis-Gregory Strolger, Adam Riess, Christine Jones Forman, Keiichi Umetsu, Benedetta Vulcani, Or Graur, Saurabh Jha, Melissa Graham, Mario Nonino, Jens Hjorth, Jonatan Selsing, Lise Christensen, Masami Ōuchi, Brian C. Lemaux, Felipe Andrade-Santos, Austin Hoag, Traci L Johnson, Irene Agulli, Rachael Livermore, Daniel Lam, Irene Sendra, Sune Toft, Lorenzo Lovisari, Yuanyuan Su, Nathália Cibirka, Sara Ogaz, Debora Pelliccia, Ramesh Mainali, Brenda Frye, Nicole G. Czakon, Alberto Molino, Shotaro Kikuchihara, Matthew Past, Daniel P. Stark, Masamune Oguri: RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. In: The Astrophysical Journal. 14. října 2019. DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/AB412B.
  2. ↑ a b OVERBYE, Dennis; CHANG, Kenneth; TANKERSLEY, Jim. Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image. The New York Times. 2022-07-11. Dostupné online [cit. 2022-07-27]. ISSN 0362-4331. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ WRAL. SMACS J0723.3-7327 :. WRAL.com [online]. 2022-07-10 [cit. 2022-07-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  4. ↑ Astronomers eagerly await first images from the James Webb Space Telescope. www.cbsnews.com [online]. [cit. 2022-07-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  5. ↑ SRELICS. irsa.ipac.caltech.edu [online]. [cit. 2022-07-27]. Dostupné online. 
  6. ↑ RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. archive.stsci.edu [online]. [cit. 2022-07-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  7. ↑ Webb's First Deep Field (NIRSpec MSA Emission Spectra). WebbTelescope.org [online]. [cit. 2022-07-27]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  8. ↑ REPP, A.; EBELING, H. Science from a glimpse: Hubble SNAPshot observations of massive galaxy clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2018-09-01, roč. 479, s. 844–864. Citation Key: 2018MNRAS.479..844R ADS Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.479..844R. Dostupné online [cit. 2022-07-27]. ISSN 0035-8711. DOI 10.1093/mnras/sty1489. 
  9. ↑ Chandra Data Archive: Session Timed Out. cda.cfa.harvard.edu [online]. [cit. 2022-07-27]. Dostupné online. 
  10. ↑ GARNER, Rob. NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet. NASA. 11. 7. 2022. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 12. 7. 2022. (anglicky) 
  11. ↑ OVERBYE, Dennis; CHANG, Kenneth; TANKERSLEY, Jim. Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image – From the White House on Monday, humanity got its first glimpse of what the observatory in space has been seeing: a cluster of early galaxies.. The New York Times. 11. 7. 2022. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 12. 7. 2022. (anglicky) 
  12. ↑ PACUCCI, Fabio. How Taking Pictures of ‘Nothing’ Changed Astronomy - Deep-field images of “empty” regions of the sky from Webb and other space telescopes are revealing more of the universe than we ever thought possible. Scientific American. 15. 7. 2022. Dostupné online [cit. 16. 7. 2022]. (anglicky) 
  13. ↑ DELISO, Meredith; LONGO, Meredith; ROTHENBERG, Nicolas. Hubble vs. James Webb telescope images: See the difference. ABC News. 14. 7. 2022. Dostupné online [cit. 15. 7. 2022]. (anglicky) 
  14. ↑ KOOSER, Amanda. Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope Images Compared: See the Difference - The James Webb Space Telescope builds on Hubble's legacy with stunning new views of the cosmos.. CNET. 13. 7. 2012. Dostupné online [cit. 16. 7. 2022]. (anglicky) 
  15. ↑ ATKINSON, Nancy. Now, We can Finally Compare Webb to Other Infrared Observatories. Universe Today. 2. 5. 2022. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 10. 5. 2022. (anglicky) 
  16. ↑ CHOW, Denise; WU, Jiachuan. Photos: How pictures from the Webb telescope compare to Hubble’s - NASA’s $10 billion telescope peers deeper into space than ever, revealing previously undetectable details in the cosmos.. NBC News. 12. 7. 2022. Dostupné online [cit. 16. 7. 2022]. (anglicky) 

Externí odkazy

Média použitá na této stránce

Webb's First Deep Field (adjusted).jpg
Jul 12, 2022 - NASA’s Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has delivered the deepest and sharpest infrared image of the distant universe so far. Webb’s First Deep Field is galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, and it is teeming with thousands of galaxies – including the faintest objects ever observed in the infrared.

Webb’s image is approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length, a tiny sliver of the vast universe. The combined mass of this galaxy cluster acts as a gravitational lens, magnifying more distant galaxies, including some seen when the universe was less than a billion years old. This deep field, taken by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), is a composite made from images at different wavelengths, totaling 12.5 hours – achieving depths at infrared wavelengths beyond the Hubble Space Telescope’s deepest fields, which took weeks. And this is only the beginning. Researchers will continue to use Webb to take longer exposures, revealing more of our vast universe.

This image shows the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 as it appeared 4.6 billion years ago, with many more galaxies in front of and behind the cluster. Much more about this cluster will be revealed as researchers begin digging into Webb’s data. This field was also imaged by Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), which observes mid-infrared light.

Webb’s NIRCam has brought distant galaxies into sharp focus – they have tiny, faint structures that have never been seen before, including star clusters and diffuse features.

Light from these galaxies took billions of years to reach us. We are looking back in time to within a billion years after the big bang when viewing the youngest galaxies in this field. The light was stretched by the expansion of the universe to infrared wavelengths that Webb was designed to observe. Researchers will soon begin to learn more about the galaxies’ masses, ages, histories, and compositions.

Other features include the prominent arcs in this field. The powerful gravitational field of a galaxy cluster can bend the light rays from more distant galaxies behind it, just as a magnifying glass bends and warps images. Stars are also captured with prominent diffraction spikes, as they appear brighter at shorter wavelengths.

Webb’s MIRI image offers a kaleidoscope of colors and highlights where the dust is – a major ingredient for star formation, and ultimately life itself. Blue galaxies contain stars, but very little dust. The red objects in this field are enshrouded in thick layers of dust. Green galaxies are populated with hydrocarbons and other chemical compounds. Researchers will be able to use data like these to understand how galaxies form, grow, and merge with each other, and in some cases why they stop forming stars altogether.

In addition to taking images, two of Webb’s instruments also obtained spectra – data that reveal objects’ physical and chemical properties that will help researchers identify many more details about distant galaxies in this field. Webb’s Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) microshutter array observed 48 individual galaxies at the same time – a new technology used for the first time in space – returning a full suite of details about each. The data revealed light from one galaxy that traveled for 13.1 billion years before Webb’s mirrors captured it. NIRSpec data also demonstrate how detailed galaxy spectra will be with Webb observations.

Finally, Webb’s Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) used Wide-Field Slitless Spectroscopy to capture spectra of all the objects in the entire field of view at once. Among the results, it proves that one of the galaxies has a mirror image.

SMACS 0723 can be viewed near the constellation Volans in the southern sky.

NOTEː The original Webb image (File:Webb's First Deep Field.tif) has been rotated by 0.3 degrees and slightly cropped to match the original Hubble image (File:NASA-HubbleSpaceTelescope-DeepField-2017.jpg) as closely as feasible in order to better compare the two. Comparisons of these two images have been added to the following Wikipedia articles:

  1. en:James Webb Space Telescope#Scientific results
  2. en:Webb's First Deep Field#Comparison with the Hubble Space Telescope
  3. en:Galaxy cluster#Gallery
  4. en:SMACS J0723.3–7327
  5. en:List of deep fields
Webb's First Deep Field.jpg
SMACS 0723-73 (1RXS J072319.7-732735, SMACS J0723.3-7327)

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has produced the deepest and sharpest infrared image of the distant universe to date. Known as Webb’s First Deep Field, this image of galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 is overflowing with detail.

Thousands of galaxies – including the faintest objects ever observed in the infrared – have appeared in Webb’s view for the first time. This slice of the vast universe is approximately the size of a grain of sand held at arm’s length by someone on the ground.

This deep field, taken by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), is a composite made from images at different wavelengths, totaling 12.5 hours – achieving depths at infrared wavelengths beyond the Hubble Space Telescope’s deepest fields, which took weeks.

The image shows the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 as it appeared 4.6 billion years ago. The combined mass of this galaxy cluster acts as a gravitational lens, magnifying much more distant galaxies behind it. Webb’s NIRCam has brought those distant galaxies into sharp focus – they have tiny, faint structures that have never been seen before, including star clusters and diffuse features. Researchers will soon begin to learn more about the galaxies’ masses, ages, histories, and compositions, as Webb seeks the earliest galaxies in the universe.

This image is the telescope’s first-full color image released. It was released July 11, 2022 6:21PM (EDT).
NASA-HubbleSpaceTelescope-DeepField-2017.jpg
NASA - Hubble Space Telescope - Deep Field - 2017 - JPG version

Galaxies as far as the eye can see.

https://www.nbcnews.com/data-graphics/compare-photos-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-hubble-space-telescope-rcna37875
Compare photos from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope.html


NOTEː Original Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Image ( https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/relics/color_images/smacs0723-73.html ) may have most likely been taken in 2017 - and may be based (according to the HST archive staff in a private email on 18 July 2022 - Drbogdan (diskuse) 00:06, 19 July 2022 (UTC) ) on images taken in 2017
( "looks like these images were obtained between March 5 2017 and July 5 2017 and then combined together into those final images"
( at → https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/relics/color_images/smacs0723-73.html ) - actual such basic data 2017 HST images are noted (and can be accessed) at the followinɡ
→ Actual Basic Data 2017 HST Images


NOTEː A very minor crop has been made to the bottom of the original HST image ( Screen Capture at https://www.nbcnews.com/data-graphics/compare-photos-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-hubble-space-telescope-rcna37875 ) in order to BETTER COMPARE this Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image with the equivalent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) image ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-JWST-FirstDeepField-20220712.png ) - COMPARISONS OF THESE TWO IMAGES have been added to Wikipedia articles including at the following → ̈

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope#Scientific_results - and →
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webb's_First_Deep_Field#Comparison_with_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope - and →
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_cluster#Gallery - and →
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMACS_J0723.3–7327 - and →
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deep_fields - and →

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_light_(astronomy)#Historical_examples