Scott Kelly
| Scott Joseph Kelly | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Astronaut NASA | |
| Státní příslušnost | USA |
| Datum narození | 21. února 1964 (58 let) |
| Místo narození | Orange, New Jersey, USA |
| Předchozí zaměstnání | Letec Námořnictva USA |
| Hodnost | Kapitán námořnictva |
| Čas ve vesmíru | 520 dní, 10 hodin a 32 minut[1] |
| Kosmonaut od | 1. května 1996 |
| Mise | STS-103, STS-118/ISS Expedice 25/26 (Sojuz TMA-01M/ISS) Expedice 43/44/45/46 (Sojuz TMA-16M/ISS/Sojuz TMA-18M) |
| Znaky misí |         |
| Kosmonaut do | dosud aktivní |
| Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky. | |
Scott Joseph Kelly (* 21. února 1964 v Orange, New Jersey, USA) původně letec vojenského námořnictva Spojených států, je od května 1996 astronautem NASA. Má za sebou dva krátkodobé kosmické lety – STS-103, STS-118 – půlroční pobyt na Mezinárodní vesmírné stanici (ISS) jako člen Expedic 25 a 26 a roční let na ISS v letech 2015/2016 jako člen Expedice 43/44/45/46.
Život
Mládí
Scott Kelly se narodil v Orange ve státě New Jersey, dětství a mládí prožil v nedalekém West Orange, zde také do roku 1982 navštěvoval střední školu. Potom studoval na Státní univerzitě New York State University of New York, roku 1987 zde získal titul bakaláře v oboru elektrotechniky.[2]
Od roku 1987 sloužil v námořnictvu, absolvoval letecký výcvik a byl zařazen jako pilot na letadlové lodi Dwight D. Eisenhower. Po kurzu ve škole zkušebních letců (U.S. Naval Test Pilot School) v lednu 1993 – červnu 1994 byl přeložen do Námořního střediska bojového letectva (Naval Air Warfare Center) v Patuxent River v Marylandu. Má nalétáno přes 4000 hodin, provedl přes 250 přistání na letadlové lodi.[2]
Astronaut
Zúčastnil se 16. náboru astronautů NASA, uspěl a 1. května 1996 byl začleněn do oddílu astronautů NASA. V ročním kurzu všeobecné kosmické přípravy získal kvalifikaci pilota raketoplánu Space Shuttle.[1]
Po dokončení přípravy zastával různé funkce v NASA. Poprvé do kosmu odstartoval 19. prosince 1999 na palubě raketoplánu Discovery při letu STS-103. Hlavním úkolem mise byla údržba Hubbleova teleskopu. Astronauté přistáli 28. prosince 1999 po 7 dnech, 23 hodinách a 11 minutách pobytu ve vesmíru.[3]
V březnu 2001 byl jmenován palubním inženýrem záložní posádky Expedice 5 na Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanici (ISS), expedice odstartovala v červnu 2002.[1]
Ve dnech 8.–21. srpna 2007 pobýval ve vesmíru podruhé. Let STS-118 raketoplánu Endeavour trval 12 dní, 17 hodin a 55 minut. Astronauté pokračovali ve výstavbě ISS. Po splnění úkolů přistáli na mysu Canaveral.[4]
Od ledna 2008 se uvažovalo o jeho zařazení do záložní posádky Expedice 21. V červenci 2008 byl však jmenován do záložní posádky Expedice 23 (start v březnu 2010) a hlavní posádky Expedice 25 se startem v září 2010.[1] V září 2008 jeho jmenování bylo oficiálně potvrzeno.[5]
Potřetí vzlétl na oběžnou dráhu v lodi Sojuz TMA-01M z kosmodromu Bajkonur 7. října 2010 ve 23:11 UTC ve funkci palubního inženýra společně s velitelem Alexandrem Kalerim a palubním inženýrem Olegem Skripočkou. Po obvyklém dvoudenním letu se 10. října v 00:01 UTC nový Sojuz spojil s Mezinárodní vesmírnou stanicí[6] a nováčci se připojili k trojici Douglas Wheelock, Fjodor Jurčichin, Shannon Walkerová. Starší trojice se vrátila na Zem koncem listopadu, Kelly se s jejich odletem stal velitelem stanice. V polovině prosince doplnili posádku ISS na šest lidí Dmitrij Kondraťjev, Paolo Nespoli a Catherine Colemanová. Kelly se svými dvěma kolegy přistál v kazašské stepi 86 km severoseverovýchodně od Arkalyku 16. března 2011 po 159 dnech, 8 hodinách a 43 minutách letu.[6]
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V listopadu 2012 byl (s Michailem Kornijenkem) vybrán k ročnímu letu na ISS v Expedici 43/44/45/46 se startem v březnu 2015 v Sojuzu TMA-16M. Misi zahájil startem Sojuzu TMA-16M dne 27. března 2015.[1][7] Na ISS žil a pracoval do 2. března 2016, kdy společně s Kornijenkem a Sergejem Volkovem přistál v Sojuzu TMA-18M v kazašské stepi. Mise Kornijenka a Kellyho trvala 340 dní, 8 hodin a 43 minut.[1] Kelly tím získal prvenství mezi americkými astronauty v délce trvání kosmického letu, rekordní pro astronauty USA bylo i jeho celkových 520 dnů ve vesmíru.[8] Rekordy nebyly samoúčelné, získání poznatků o chování lidského organismu při dlouhodobých letech může pomoci při budoucích letech za oběžnou dráhu Země.[8]
Scott Kelly je ženatý, má dvě děti.[2] Jeho bratr, dvojče, Mark Kelly je astronaut NASA, přijatý v 16. náboru.[1]
Odkazy
Reference
- ↑ a b c d e f g IVANOV, Ivan, a kol. Космическая энциклопедия ASTROnote [online]. Moskva: rev. 2008-12-12 [cit. 2009-10-20]. Kapitola Scott Joseph Kelly. Dostupné online. (rusky)
- ↑ a b c Biographical data. Scott J. Kelly [online]. Houston: NASA, rev. 2012-11 [cit. 2014-08-14]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2018-06-20. (anglicky) – Oficiální biografie NASA
- ↑ HOLUB, Aleš. MEK. Malá encyklopedie kosmonautiky [online]. Rev. 2000-01-27 [cit. 2009-10-20]. Kapitola STS-103 Di/F-27. [dále jen Holub]. Dostupné online.
- ↑ Holub. Rev. 2007-08-08 [cit. 2009-10-20]. Kapitola STS-118 En/F-20.
- ↑ Пресс-служба Роскосмоса. Предварительный план-график экспедиций на МКС и смен экипажа на кораблях «Союз» (с июня 2008г. по ноябрь 2010г.) [online]. Moskva: Roskosmos, 2008-09-21 [cit. 2009-10-15]. Dostupné online. (rusky)[nedostupný zdroj]
- ↑ a b Holub. Praha: rev. 2010-10-10 [cit. 2010-10-24]. Kapitola Sojuz TMA-01M.
- ↑ SCHIERHOLZ, Stephanie; HUOT, Dan. Release 15-053 Year in Space Starts for One American and One Russian [online]. NASA, 2015-3-27 [cit. 2015-03-31]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ a b ČTK; DANĚK, Viktor. Astronauti Kelly a Kornijenko se po roce stráveném na ISS vrátili na Zemi [online]. Český rozhlas, 2016-3-2 [cit. 2016-03-10]. Dostupné online.
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Scott Kelly na Wikimedia Commons - Biographical data. Scott J. Kelly [online]. Houston: NASA, rev. 2012-11 [cit. 2014-08-14]. Oficiální biografie NASA. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2018-06-20. (anglicky)
Média použitá na této stránce
The mission patch design for the 25th Expedition to the International Space Station (ISS) pays tribute to the rich history of innovation and bold engineering in the quest for knowledge, exploration and discovery in space. The patch highlights the symbolic passing of the torch to the ISS, as the vehicle that will carry us into the future of space exploration. The Space Shuttle Program emblem is the foundation of the patch and forms the Greek letter 'Alpha' with a new dawn breaking at the center, symbolizing a new vision for space exploration. The Alpha symbol is overlaid by the Greek letter 'Omega', paying tribute to the culmination of the Space Shuttle Program. The mission designation '25' is shown centered at the bottom of the patch, symbolizing the point in time when the Space Shuttle, the workhorse of the ISS assembly process, will make its final visit to the ISS. Between the '25' and the Earth crescent, the orbiter is shown returning to Earth on its final journey, during the Expedition 25 mission. Above Earth and the breaking dawn, the ISS takes center-stage, completed and fully equipped to carry us beyond this new dawn to new voyages and discoveries. The orbit connecting the ISS and the Earth is drawn in the colors of the United States and Russian flags; paying tribute to the blended heritage of the crew. The two largest stars in the field represent the arrival and departure of the crews in separate Russian Soyuz vehicles. The six stars in the field represent the six crew members. The International Space Station abbreviation 'ISS' and 'MKC' - in English and Russian, respectively - flank the mission number designation, and the names of the crew members in their native languages border the ISS symbol.
S99-05705 - Astronaut Scott J. Kelly, commander
The STS-118 patch represents Space Shuttle Endeavour on its mission to help complete the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS), and symbolizes the pursuit of knowledge through space exploration. The flight will accomplish its ISS 13A.1 assembly tasks through a series of spacewalks, robotic operations, logistics transfers, and the exchange of one of the three long-duration expedition crew members. On the patch, the top of the gold astronaut symbol overlays the starboard S-5 truss segment, highlighting its installation during the mission. The flame of knowledge represents the importance of education, and honors teachers and students everywhere. The seven white stars and the red maple leaf signify the American and Canadian crew members, respectively, flying aboard Endeavour.
NASA astronaut Scott Kelly, who marked day 300 of a historic year in space on Jan. 21, 2016, shows off another fascinating feature of life in microgravity. Kelly used two paddles with hydrophobic, or water repellant, features to pass a sphere of water back and forth. Scientists use the microgravity environment of the space station to advance scientific knowledge in Earth, space, physical, and biological sciences that otherwise wouldn't be possible down here on the planet. The paddles are polycarbonate laser etched so that the surfaces are actually arrays of 300 micrometer posts (0.3mm). The surfaces were then spray coated with a Teflon coat. The combined effects of surface roughness and non-wettability produce a super-hydrophobic surface capable of preventing water adhesion in dynamic processes. The larger the drop, the less force it takes to break it up. The smaller the drop, the harder you can hit it. Scott is demonstrating about a 4 mL drop (over 100 times larger than a rain drop).
The 46 icon in the foreground of the Expedition 46 patch represents the forty-sixth expeditionary mission to the International Space Station. The graphic portrays the limb of the home planet, Earth, with the black vastness of space in the background. Earth is depicted at the top with the flags of the countries of origin of the crew members: the United States of America, Russia and the United Kingdom. The flag of the U.K. is displayed in a position of prominence in recognition of the significance of the first British astronaut flown in space for the European Space Agency. The outer border is in the shape of a triangle with an unbroken border, symbolizing the infinite journey of discovery for past, present and future space explorers. The names of the six Expedition 46 astronauts and cosmonauts are shown in the border.
In the foreground of the patch, the International Space Station is prominently displayed to acknowledge the efforts of the entire International Space Station (ISS) team - both the crews who have built and operated it, and the team of scientists, engineers, and support personnel on Earth who have provided a foundation for each successful mission. Their efforts and accomplishments have demonstrated the space station's capabilities as a technology test bed and a science laboratory, as well as a path to the human exploration of our solar system and beyond. The ISS is shown with the European Space Agency's (ESA) Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-2), the Johannes Kepler, docked to resupply it with experiments, food, water, and fuel for Expedition 26 and beyond. This Expedition 26 patch represents the teamwork among the international partners - USA, Russia, Japan, Canada, and the ESA - and the ongoing commitment from each partner to build, improve, and utilize the ISS. Prominently displayed in the background is our home planet, Earth - the focus of much of our exploration and research on our outpost in space. The two stars symbolize two Soyuz spacecraft, each one carrying a three-member crew, who for four months will work and live together aboard the ISS as Expedition 26. The patch shows the crewmembers' names, and it's framed with the flags of their countries of origin - United States, Russia, and Italy.
The hexagon (six-sided) shape of the Expedition 43 patch represents the six crew members living and working onboard the orbital outpost. The International Space Station (ISS) is portrayed in orbit around the Earth, representing the multi-national partnership that has constructed, developed, and continues to operate the ISS for the benefit of all humankind. The sunrise marks the beginning of a new day, reflecting the fact that we're at the dawn of our history as a space faring species. The moon and planets represent future exploration of our solar system, for which the ISS is a stepping stone. Finally, the five stars honor the crews who have lost their lives during the pursuit of human spaceflight.
Russian cosmonauts Oleg Skripochka (left), Expedition 25 flight engineer, and Alexander Kaleri (center), Soyuz commander, along with NASA astronaut Scott Kelly (right), flight engineer, pose for pictures in front of the Tsar Cannon at the Kremlin in Moscow Sept. 17, 2010 as part of the ceremonial activities leading to their launch Oct. 8 (Kazakhstan time) in the Soyuz TMA-01M spacecraft for a 5 ½ month stay on the International Space Station.
This is the insignia for the Expedition 44 mission.
- The International Space Station is positioned in the foreground poised to study Earth, the sun and cosmos that lie beyond. Two members of the Expedition 44 crew will spend a full year on the ISS - providing valuable experience for future long duration missions into deep space. The 12 Earths represent the planet's position around the sun over the course of that year. Four of the Earths are silhouetted in sunlight representing the four month duration of Expedition 44. The nine stars in the background represent the nine individuals that will visit and work on the ISS during the course of the expedition, including the six-member crew, whose names are inscribed around the patch's border, and the three-person Soyuz "taxi" crew. The use of ellipses and circles throughout the patch reflect a theme of "completion" or "return," as investments made in this orbiting laboratory return benefit to the Earth and its inhabitants.
NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly is seen inside a Soyuz simulator at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Wednesday, March 4, 2015 in Star City, Russia. Kelly, along with Expedition 43 Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), and Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka of Roscosmos were at GCTC for the second day of qualification exams in preparation for their launch to the International Space Station onboard a Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time. As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016.
The Expedition 45 crew will conduct its journey of exploration and discovery from a summit whose foundation was built by past generations of pioneers, scientists, engineers and explorers. This foundation is represented by the book of knowledge at the bottom of the patch. Curves radiate from the book representing the flow of knowledge - and the hard work, sacrifice and innovation that makes human spaceflight possible. The pages written during Expedition 45 will serve to benefit humanity on Earth and in space. The International Space Station is represented by a single bright star soaring over the Earth, illuminating a path to future, more distant destinations.
Designed by the crewmembers, the STS-103 emblem depicts the Space Shuttle Discovery approaching the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) prior to its capture and berthing. The purpose of the mission is to remove and replace some of the Telescope's older and out-of-date systems with newer, more reliable and more capable ones, and to make repairs to HST's exterior thermal insulation that has been damaged by more than nine years of exposure to the space environment. The horizontal and vertical lines centered on the Telescope symbolize the ability to reach and maintain a desired attitude in space, essential to the instrument's scientific operation. The preservation of this ability is one of the primary objectives of the mission. After the flight, the Telescope will resume its successful exploration of deep space and will continue to be used to study solar system objects, stars in the making, late phases of stellar evolution, galaxies and the early history of the universe. HST, as represented on this emblem was inspired by views from previous servicing missions, with its solar arrays illuminated by the Sun, providing a striking contrast with the blackness of space and the night side of Earth.
- The NASA insignia design for Shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which is not anticipated, it will be publicly announced.