Sedmihradské knížectví
| Sedmihradské knížectví Principatus Transsilvaniae (la)
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Geografie
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| Obyvatelstvo | |||||||||
Národnostní složení | |||||||||
latina (v administrativě, v politice), maďarština (v legislativě, na sněmu), němčina, rumunština, rusínština | |||||||||
| Státní útvar | |||||||||
Vznik | |||||||||
Zánik | |||||||||
| Státní útvary a území | |||||||||
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Sedmihradské knížectví (maďarsky Erdélyi Fejedelemség, latinsky Principatus Transsilvaniae, německy Fürstentum Siebenbürgen, rumunsky Principatul Transilvaniei nebo Principatul Ardealului, turecky Erdel Voyvodalığı nebo Transilvanya Prensliği) byl polonezávislý vazalský stát Osmanské říše pod vládou kalvinistických maďarských knížat. Jako vazalský stát existovalo mezi lety 1571–1711. Poté bylo připojeno jako jedna ze zemí k Habsburské monarchii a rámci ní existovalo až do roku 1765, kdy bylo Marií Terezií povýšeno na velkoknížectví.
Po opětovném připojení k zemím habsburské monarchie (od které se odtrhlo v roce 1541) byly roku 1744 zrušeny všechny zákony o právu k volbě knížete a tak se knížecí titul stal dědičným v rodě habsbursko-lotrinském.
Symbolika
- vlajky Sedmihradska:
vlajka sedmihradského knížete Gabriela Betlena, 1615
vlajka Františka II. Rákocziho, který usiloval o uherskou korunu, červené a bílé pruhy odkazují k Arpádovcům
Odkazy
Související články
- Seznam sedmihradských panovníků
- Sedmihradské velkoknížectví – nástupnický stát
- Sedmihradské vojvodství – někdejší středověký stát předcházející knížectví
- Budínský pašalik
- Osmansko-uherské války
- Osmansko-habsburské války
- Horní Uhry
Reference
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Principality of Transylvania (1571–1711) na anglické Wikipedii.
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Sedmihradské knížectví na Wikimedia Commons 
Slovníkové heslo Sedmihradsko ve Wikislovníku
Média použitá na této stránce
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
↑ Civil flag or Landesfarben of the Habsburg monarchy (1700-1806)
↑ Merchant ensign of the Habsburg monarchy (from 1730 to 1750)
↑ Flag of the Austrian Empire (1804-1867)
↑ Civil flag used in Cisleithania part of Austria-Hungary
(1867-1918)
House colours of the House of Habsburg
↑ Civil flag or Landesfarben of the Habsburg monarchy (1700-1806)↑ Merchant ensign of the Habsburg monarchy (from 1730 to 1750)↑ Flag of the Austrian Empire (1804-1867)↑ Civil flag used in Cisleithania part of Austria-Hungary
(1867-1918)House colours of the House of Habsburg
.svg)
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with Arms (1437-1493).svg
Autor: Sir Iain, eagle by N3MO, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Banner of the Holy Roman Empire, with the arms of Austria.
Autor: Sir Iain, eagle by N3MO, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Banner of the Holy Roman Empire, with the arms of Austria.
_(1526-1540).svg)
Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg
The coat of arms of John I of Hungary -Szapolyai János- 1526-1540
The coat of arms of John I of Hungary -Szapolyai János- 1526-1540
Ottoman flag by Hieronymus Bosch.svg
Autor: BlinxTheKitty, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Possible flag or banner of the Ottoman Empire (or Ottoman army) according to Hieronymus (aka Jérôme) Bosch (crwflags.com), the painter lived in the Middle Ages (c. 1450–1516) in Brabant and some of his paintings show Ottoman flags. These are generally red with a white crescent. It was the end of the XVth century, when the Ottomans had just conquered Constantinople and thus ended the Byzantine Empire, that was a shock for the Christian world.
Autor: BlinxTheKitty, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Possible flag or banner of the Ottoman Empire (or Ottoman army) according to Hieronymus (aka Jérôme) Bosch (crwflags.com), the painter lived in the Middle Ages (c. 1450–1516) in Brabant and some of his paintings show Ottoman flags. These are generally red with a white crescent. It was the end of the XVth century, when the Ottomans had just conquered Constantinople and thus ended the Byzantine Empire, that was a shock for the Christian world.
Coa Transylvania Country History v4.svg
The coat of arms of Transylvania
The coat of arms of Transylvania
Francis II Rákóczi's Iustam Causam banner.svg
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Banner used by Francis II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania and aspirant King of Hungary, during his war against the Habsburgs (1703–1711). Based on copies at MaghiaRomania, Felvidék .ma and ARACS 1/2014
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Banner used by Francis II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania and aspirant King of Hungary, during his war against the Habsburgs (1703–1711). Based on copies at MaghiaRomania, Felvidék .ma and ARACS 1/2014
Transylvanian Principality.svg
Own work. Please add a footnote crediting me if you use this map.
Own work. Please add a footnote crediting me if you use this map.
.svg)
Coa Hungary Country History (14th century).svg
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hungary
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hungary
Flaga Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow ogolna.svg
Autor:
Royal banner (not a flag) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth "during the reign of the House of Vasa" (1587-1668) but without any symbols of the House of Vasa and Polish-Swedish personal union. * Flag with three horizontal stripes of red, white and red. * Coat of arms:1-4 Polish eagle (Piastowie's), 2-3 Lithuanian knight (Jagiellonczyk's), * Crown:Royal crown.
Autor:
- Flaga_Rzeczpospolitej_Obojga_Narodow.svg: Olek Remesz (wiki-pl: Orem, commons: Orem)
- derivative work: Mikołka (talk)
Royal banner (not a flag) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth "during the reign of the House of Vasa" (1587-1668) but without any symbols of the House of Vasa and Polish-Swedish personal union. * Flag with three horizontal stripes of red, white and red. * Coat of arms:1-4 Polish eagle (Piastowie's), 2-3 Lithuanian knight (Jagiellonczyk's), * Crown:Royal crown.
SigismundBathory1597.jpg
United Coat of arms of prince Sigismund Bathory
United Coat of arms of prince Sigismund Bathory
Transylvanian flag, 1601.svg
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Flag of Transylvania in 1601, featuring the Báthory arms. Based on design captured at the Battle of Guruslău, as presented in von Aachen's allegory of the event. One of the several variants used in that battle (see plates by Cserna: A and B as well as contemporary engraving). The same design was also used in a swallow-tail variant (see reproduction in Magazin Istoric, July 2000, p. 38).
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Flag of Transylvania in 1601, featuring the Báthory arms. Based on design captured at the Battle of Guruslău, as presented in von Aachen's allegory of the event. One of the several variants used in that battle (see plates by Cserna: A and B as well as contemporary engraving). The same design was also used in a swallow-tail variant (see reproduction in Magazin Istoric, July 2000, p. 38).
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Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Banner of Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, in 1615. Features Bethlen's arms alongside Transylvania's, within a red field with "tongues of fire". Based on several reconstructions, including that provided by the Hungarian Canadian Cultural Center, MaghiaRomânia, and Parókia Portál.
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Banner of Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, in 1615. Features Bethlen's arms alongside Transylvania's, within a red field with "tongues of fire". Based on several reconstructions, including that provided by the Hungarian Canadian Cultural Center, MaghiaRomânia, and Parókia Portál.
Arms of Transylvania in Cod. icon. 391.svg
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Coat of arms of Transylvania in the Bavarian State Library manuscript known as Cod. icon. 391; possibly the earliest version of the consecrated Transylvanian symbols, it is tentatively dated to 1530. See account and sketch in Tudor-Radu Tiron, "Începuturile stemei Transilvaniei în lumina mai multor izvoare ilustrate externe, din secolul al XV-lea până la începutul secolului al XVII-lea", in Anuarul Institutului de Istorie George Barițiu. Series Historica, Vol. L, 2011, pp. 318–323; and MaghiaRomania facsimile.
Autor: Dahn, Licence: CC BY 4.0
Coat of arms of Transylvania in the Bavarian State Library manuscript known as Cod. icon. 391; possibly the earliest version of the consecrated Transylvanian symbols, it is tentatively dated to 1530. See account and sketch in Tudor-Radu Tiron, "Începuturile stemei Transilvaniei în lumina mai multor izvoare ilustrate externe, din secolul al XV-lea până la începutul secolului al XVII-lea", in Anuarul Institutului de Istorie George Barițiu. Series Historica, Vol. L, 2011, pp. 318–323; and MaghiaRomania facsimile.
