Seznam periodických komet
Periodické komety jsou komety, které mají oběžnou dobu kratší než 200 let (známé též jako "krátkoperiodické komety") nebo které byly pozorovány v průběhu více než jednoho průchodu perihéliem (např. 153P/Ikeya-Zhang).
Téměř ve všech případech jsou komety pojmenovány po svých objevitelích, kromě několika případů. Např. komety 2P/Encke a 27P/Crommelin jsou pojmenovány po osobách, které vypočítaly jejich oběžnou dráhu. Výpočet dráhy periodické komety je velice náročný, protože je třeba počítat s vlivy všech planet. Před objevem počítače někteří lidé zasvětili celou svoji kariéru těmto výpočtům. Několik komet bylo dokonce ztraceno, protože jejich oběžná dráha byla ovlivněna také negravitačními vlivy - úniky plynů a jiného materialu formujícího kometární komu a ohon.
Periodické komety občas nesou stejné jméno opakovaně (např. devět komet Shoemaker-Levy nebo dvacet pět komet NEAT). IAU systém značení je umožňuje rozeznat pomocí číselného prefixu (např. 181P i 192P jsou "Shoemaker-Levy komety").
V kometární klasifikaci může být před "/" písmeno "C" (neperiodická kometa), "P" (periodická kometa), "D" (kometa, která byla ztracena nebo se rozpadla), "X" (kometa pro kterou není možné spočítat oběžnou dráhu, obvykle historická kometa), nebo "A" pro objekt, který byl chybně označen jako kometa, ale ve skutečnosti se jedná o planetku.
Seznam periodických komet
Kometa[1] | Objevitel/é nebo převzaté jméno | Rok objevení |
---|---|---|
1P/Halley | Halley | 240 př. n. l. |
2P/Encke | Encke | 1786 |
3D/Biela | Biela | 1772 |
4P/Faye | Faye | 1843 |
5D/Brorsen | Brorsen | |
6P/d'Arrest | d'Arrest | 1851 |
7P/Pons-Winnecke | Pons & Winnecke | 1819 |
8P/Tuttle | Tuttle | 1790 |
9P/Tempel | Tempel | 1867 |
10P/Tempel | Tempel | 1873 |
11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR | Tempel & Swift & LINEAR | |
12P/Pons-Brooks | Pons & Brooks | 1812 |
13P/Olbers | Olbers | 1815 |
14P/Wolf | Wolf | 1884 |
15P/Finlay | Finlay | 1886 |
16P/Brooks | Brooks | |
17P/Holmes | Holmes | 1892 |
18D/Perrine-Mrkos | Perrine & Mrkos | |
19P/Borrelly | Borrelly | 1905 |
20D/Westphal | Westphal | 1852 |
21P/Giacobini-Zinner | Giacobini & Zinner | 1900 |
22P/Kopff | Kopff | 1906 |
23P/Brorsen-Metcalf | Brorsen & Metcalf | 1847 |
24P/Schaumasse | Schaumasse | 1911 |
25D/Neujmin | Neujmin | |
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup | Grigg & Skjellerup | 1902 |
27P/Crommelin | Crommelin | 1457 |
28P/Neujmin | Neujmin | |
29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann | Schwassmann & Wachmann | 1925 |
30P/Reinmuth | Reinmuth | |
31P/Schwassmann-Wachmann | Schwassmann & Wachmann | 1929 |
32P/Comas Sola | Comas Sola | |
33P/Daniel | Daniel | |
34D/Gale | Gale | |
35P/Herschel-Rigollet | Herschel & Rigollet | 1788 |
36P/Whipple | Whipple | |
37P/Forbes | Forbes | |
38P/Stephan-Oterma | Stephan & Oterma | |
39P/Oterma | Oterma | 1943 |
40P/Vaisala | Väisälä | |
41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák | Tuttle & Giacobini & Kresák | |
42P/Neujmin | Neujmin | |
43P/Wolf-Harrington | Wolf & Harrington | |
44P/Reinmuth | Reinmuth | |
45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdušáková | Honda & Mrkos & Pajdušáková | 1948 |
46P/Wirtanen | Wirtanen | |
47P/Ashbrook-Jackson | Ashbrook & Jackson | |
48P/Johnson | Johnson | |
49P/Arend-Rigaux | Arend & Rigaux | |
50P/Arend | Arend | |
51P/Harrington | Harrington | |
52P/Harrington-Abell | Harrington & Abell | |
53P/Van Biesbroeck | Van Biesbroeck | |
54P/de Vico-Swift-NEAT | de Vico & Swift & NEAT | |
55P/Tempel-Tuttle | Tempel & Tuttle | |
56P/Slaughter-Burnham | Slaughter & Burnham | |
57P/du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte | du Toit & Neujmin & Delporte | |
58P/Jackson-Neujmin | Jackson & Neujmin | |
59P/Kearns-Kwee | Kearns & Kwee | |
60P/Tsuchinshan | Tsuchinshan | |
61P/Shajn-Schaldach | Shajn & Schaldach | |
62P/Tsuchinshan | Tsuchinshan | |
63P/Wild | Wild | |
64P/Swift-Gehrels | Swift & Gehrels | |
65P/Gunn | Gunn | |
66P/du Toit | du Toit | |
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko | Churyumov & Gerasimenko | |
68P/Klemola | Klemola | |
69P/Taylor | Taylor | |
70P/Kojima | Kojima | |
71P/Clark | Clark | |
72P/Denning-Fujikawa | Denning & Fujikawa | |
73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann | Schwassmann & Wachmann | 1930 |
74P/Smirnova-Chernykh | Smirnova & Chernykh | |
75D/Kohoutek | Kohoutek | |
76P/West-Kohoutek-Ikemura | West & Kohoutek & Ikemura | |
77P/Longmore | Longmore | |
78P/Gehrels | Gehrels | |
79P/du Toit-Hartley | du Toit & Hartley | |
80P/Peters-Hartley | Peters & Hartley | |
81P/Wild | Wild | |
82P/Gehrels | Gehrels | |
83D/Russell | Russell | |
84P/Giclas | Giclas | |
85P/Boethin | Boethin | |
86P/Wild | Wild | |
87P/Bus | Bus | |
88P/Howell | Howell | |
89P/Russell | Russell | |
90P/Gehrels | Gehrels | |
91P/Russell | Russell | |
92P/Sanguin | Sanguin | |
93P/Lovas | Lovas | |
94P/Russell | Russell | |
95P/Chiron | Kowal | 1977 |
96P/Machholz | Machholz | |
97P/Metcalf-Brewington | Metcalf & Brewington | |
98P/Takamizawa | Takamizawa | |
99P/Kowal | Kowal | |
100P/Hartley | Hartley | |
101P/Chernykh | Chernykh | |
102P/Shoemaker | C. Shoemaker & E. Shoemaker | |
103P/Hartley | Hartley | |
104P/Kowal | Kowal | |
105P/Singer Brewster | Singer Brewster | |
106P/Schuster | Schuster | |
107P/Wilson-Harrington | Helin & Wilson & Harrington | |
108P/Ciffreo | Ciffreo | |
109P/Swift-Tuttle | Swift & Tuttle | |
110P/Hartley | Hartley | |
111P/Helin-Roman-Crockett | Helin & Roman & Crockett | |
112P/Urata-Niijima | Urata & Niijima | |
113P/Spitaler | Spitaler | |
114P/Wiseman-Skiff | Wiseman & Skiff | |
115P/Maury | Maury | |
116P/Wild | Wild | |
117P/Helin-Roman-Alu | Helin & Roman & Alu | |
118P/Shoemaker-Levy | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | |
119P/Parker-Hartley | Parker & Hartley | |
120P/Mueller | Mueller | |
121P/Shoemaker-Holt | C.Shoemaker, E.Shoemaker & Holt | |
122P/de Vico | de Vico | |
123P/West-Hartley | West & Hartley | |
124P/Mrkos | Mrkos | |
125P/Spacewatch | Spacewatch | |
126P/IRAS | IRAS | |
127P/Holt-Olmstead | Holt & Olmstead | |
128P/Shoemaker-Holt | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Holt | |
129P/Shoemaker-Levy | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | |
130P/McNaught-Hughes | McNaught & Hughes | |
131P/Mueller | Mueller | |
132P/Helin-Roman-Alu | Helin & Roman & Alu | |
133P/Elst-Pizarro | Elst & Pizarro | |
134P/Kowal-Vavrova | Kowal & Vávrová | |
135P/Shoemaker-Levy | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | |
136P/Mueller | Mueller | |
137P/Shoemaker-Levy | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | |
138P/Shoemaker-Levy | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | |
139P/Vaisala-Oterma | Väisälä & Oterma | |
140P/Bowell-Skiff | Bowell & Skiff | |
141P/Machholz | Machholz | |
142P/Ge-Wang | Ge & Wang | |
143P/Kowal-Mrkos | Kowal & Mrkos | |
144P/Kushida | Kushida | |
145P/Shoemaker-Levy | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & Levy | |
146P/Shoemaker-LINEAR | C. Shoemaker, E. Shoemaker & LINEAR | |
147P/Kushida-Muramatsu | Kushida & Muramatsu | |
148P/Anderson-LINEAR | Anderson & LINEAR | |
149P/Mueller | Mueller | |
150P/LONEOS | LONEOS | |
151P/Helin | Helin | |
152P/Helin-Lawrence | Helin & Lawrence | |
153P/Ikeya-Zhang | Ikeya & Zhang | |
154P/Brewington | Brewington | |
155P/Shoemaker | C. Shoemaker & E. Shoemaker | |
156P/Russell-LINEAR | Russell & LINEAR | |
157P/Tritton | Tritton | |
158P/Kowal-LINEAR | Kowal & LINEAR | |
159P/LONEOS | LONEOS | |
160P/LINEAR | LINEAR | |
161P/Hartley-IRAS | Hartley & IRAS | |
162P/Siding Spring | Siding Spring | |
163P/NEAT | NEAT | |
164P/Christensen | Christensen | |
165P/LINEAR | LINEAR | |
166P/NEAT | NEAT | |
167P/CINEOS | CINEOS | |
168P/Hergenrother | Hergenrother | |
169P/NEAT | NEAT | |
170P/Christensen | Christensen | |
171P/Spahr | Spahr | |
172P/Yeung | Yeung | |
173P/Mueller | Mueller | |
174P/Echeclus | ||
175P/Hergenrother | ||
176P/LINEAR | ||
177P/Barnard | ||
178P/Hug-Bell | ||
179P/Jedicke | ||
180P/NEAT | ||
181P/Shoemaker-Levy | ||
182P/LONEOS | ||
183P/Korlevic-Juric | ||
184P/Lovas | ||
185P/Petriew | ||
186P/Garradd | ||
187P/LINEAR | ||
188P/LINEAR-Mueller | ||
189P/NEAT | ||
190P/Mueller | ||
191P/McNaught | ||
192P/Shoemaker-Levy | ||
193P/LINEAR-NEAT | ||
194P/LINEAR | ||
195P/Hill | ||
196P/Tichy | ||
197P/LINEAR | ||
198P/ODAS | ||
199P/Shoemaker | ||
200P/Larsen | ||
201P/LONEOS | ||
202P/Scotti | ||
203P/Korlevic | ||
204P/LINEAR-NEAT | ||
205P/Giacobini | ||
206P/Barnard-Boattini | ||
207P/NEAT | ||
208P/McMillan | ||
209P/LINEAR | ||
210P/Christensen | ||
211P/Hill | ||
212P/NEAT | ||
213P/Van Ness | ||
214P/LINEAR | ||
215P/NEAT | ||
216P/LINEAR | ||
217P/LINEAR | ||
218P/LINEAR | ||
219P/LINEAR | ||
220P/McNaught | ||
221P/LINEAR | ||
222P/LINEAR | ||
223P/Skiff | ||
224P/LINEAR-NEAT | ||
225P/LINEAR | ||
226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski | ||
227P/Catalina-LINEAR | ||
228P/LINEAR | ||
229P/Gibbs | ||
230P/LINEAR | ||
231P/LINEAR-NEAT | ||
232P/Hill |
Reference
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku List of periodic comets na anglické Wikipedii.
- ↑ IAU Minor Planet Center - Periodic Comet Numbers [online]. Dostupné online.