Seznam pevností, hradů a zámků v Rusku
Toto je seznam pevností, hradů, zámků a paláců v Rusku. Některé pevnosti či hrady se v ruském prostředí nazývají kreml. Seznam rovněž zahrnuje některé kláštery (monastýry, lávry) ad.
Severozápadní federální okruh
| Název | Ruský název | Poloha | Období | Obrázek |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monastýr Alexandra Svirského | Александро-Свирский монастырь | Leningradská oblast | 15. století |  |
| Zámek Balga | Замок Бальга | Kaliningradská oblast | 1239 |  |
| Zámek Brandenburg | Замок Браденбург | Kaliningradská oblast | 13. století |  |
| Zámek Bip | Замок Бип | Petropavloská pevnost | 1798 |  |
| Gatčinský palác | Большой Гатчинский дворец (замок) | Leningradská oblast | 1766-1781 |  |
| Gdovský kreml | Гдовский кремль | Pskovská oblast | 1431–1434 |  |
| Gorický monastýr | Горицкий Воскресенский монастырь | Vologdská oblast | 1514-1832 |  |
| Monastýr sv. Feraponta | Ферапонтов монастырь | Vologdská oblast | 1397-1798 |  |
| Ivangorodská pevnost | Ивангородская крепость | Leningradská oblast | 1492 |  |
| Pevnost Izborsk | Изборская крепость | Pskovská oblast | 14. století |  |
| Hrad Královec (Königsberg) | Кенигсбергский замок | Kaliningradská oblast | 1255-1713 |  |
| Chutynský onastýr | Хутынский монастырь | Novgorodská oblast | 1190-1646 |  |
| Koněvský monastýr | Коневский монастырь | Leningradská oblast | 1393-1812 |  (c) I, AB, CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Pevnost Koporje | Крепость Копорье | Leningradská oblast | 1237 |  |
| Pevnost Korela | Крепость Корела | Leningradská oblast | 1310 |  |
| Pevnost Kronštadt | Кронштадская крепость | Petrohrad | 1704-1950 |  |
| Mirožský monastýr | Мирожский монастырь | Pskovská oblast | 1156-1805 |  |
| Novgorodský kreml | Новгородский кремль | Novgorodská oblast | 11.-14. století |  |
| Pevnost Orešek | Крепость Орешек | Leningradská oblast | 1323-18. století |  (c) I, Veikia, CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Petropavlovská evnost | Петропавловская крепость | Petrohrad | 1703-1907 |  |
| Porchovská pevnost | Порховская крепость | Pskovská oblast | 1387 |  |
| Převorský zámek | Приоратский Замок | Leningradská oblast | 1799 |  |
| Pskovský kreml (krom) | Псковский кремль (кром) | Pskovská oblast | 11.-16. století |  |
| Pskovsko-pečerský monastýr | Псково-Печерский монастырь | Pskovská oblast | 1473-1595 |  |
| Zámek Ragnit | Замок Рагнит | Kaliningradská oblast | 1289 |  (c) Ballupoenen, CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Zámek Michajlovskij | Михайловский (Инженерный) замок | Petrohrad | 1797-1801 |  |
| Zámek Schaaken | Замок Шаакен | Kaliningradská oblast | 1797-1801 |  |
| Solovecký monastýr | Соловецкий монастырь | Archangelská oblast | 1436-1834 |  |
| Staroladožská pevnost | Староладожская крепость | Leningradská oblast | 1116 |  |
| Vologdský kreml | Вологодский кремль | Vologdská oblast | 1567 |  |
| Vyborská pevnost | Выборгский замок | Leningradská oblast | 1293-1564 1834-1894 |  |
| Jurjevský monastýr | Юрьев монастырь | Novgorodská oblast | 1119-1836 |  |
Centrální federální okruh
| Název | Ruský název | Poloha | Období | Obrázek |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandrovský kreml | Александровский кремль | Vladimirská oblast | 14.-16. století |  |
| Borisoglebský monastýr | Борисоглебский монастырь | Jaroslavská oblast | 1585-1591 |  |
| Donský monastýr | Донской монастырь | Moskva | 1591-2000 |  |
| Gorický monastýr | Горицкий монастырь | Jaroslavská oblast | 14. století-1774 |  |
| Ipat'jevský monastýr | Ипатьевский монастырь | Kostromská oblast | 1432-1840 |  |
| Josefo-volokský monastýr | Иосифо-Волокский монастырь | Moskevská oblast | 1479-1696 |  (c) Holop, CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Kolomenský kreml | Коломенский кремль | Moskevská oblast | 1525-1531 |  |
| Zámek Meyendorff | Замок Майендорф | Moskevská oblast | 1874—1885 |  (c) Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0 |
| Spaso-jefimovský monastýr | Спасо-Евфимиев монастырь | Vladimirská oblast | 1352-1669 |  (c) Alex Zelenko, CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Moskevský kreml | Московский кремль | Moskva | 1482-1495 |  |
| Možajský kreml | Можайский кремль | Moskevská oblast | 1624-1626 |  |
| Novojeruzalémský monastýr | Новоиерусалимский монастырь | Moskevská oblast | 1656-1697 |  |
| Rostovský kreml | Ростовский кремль | Jaroslavská oblast | 1670—1683 |  |
| Rjazaňský kreml | Рязанский кремль | Rjazaňská oblast | 12.-19. století |  |
| Serpuchovský kreml | Серпуховский кремль | Moskevská oblast | 1556 |  |
| Smolenský kreml | Смоленский кремль | Smolenská oblast | 1595-1602 |  |
| Spaso-jakovlevský monastýr | Спасо-Яковлевский монастырь | Jaroslavská oblast | 1389-1836 |  |
| Stolobenský ostrov | Нило-Столобенская пустынь | Tverská oblast | 1594-1833 | .jpg) |
| Suzdalský kreml | Суздальский кремль | Vladimirská oblast | 1024-1719 |  |
| Trojicko-Sergijevská lávra | Троице-Сергиева лавра | Moskevská oblast | 1337-1892 |  (c) Alex Zelenko, CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Zámek Vasiljevskoje | Замок Васильевское | Moskevská oblast | 1881-1884 |  |
| Volokolamský kreml | Волоколамский кремль | Moskevská oblast | 15.-19. století |  |
| Vjazemský kreml | Вязьменский кремль | Smolenská oblast | 17. století |  |
| Vysocký monastýr | Высоцкий монастырь | Moskevská oblast | 1374-1840 |  |
| Jaroslavský kreml | Ярославский кремль | Jaroslavská oblast | 12. století-1838 |  |
| Zarajský kreml | Зарайский кремль | Moskevská oblast | 1528—1531 |  |
Ostatní okresy
| Jméno | Ruské jméno | Pronájem | Doba | obraz |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astrachaňský kreml | Астраханский кремль | Astrachaňská oblast | 1580-1807 |  |
| Derbentská pevnost | Дербентская цитадель | Dagestán | II-17. století |  |
| Kazaňský kreml | Казанский кремль | Tatarstán | 1672 |  (c) I, Untifler, CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Nižněnovgorodský kreml | Нижегородский кремль | Nižněnovgorodská oblast | 1500-1515 |  |
| Syzranský kreml | Сызраньский кремль | Samarská oblast | 1683 |  |
| Tobolský kreml | Тобольский кремль | Ťumeňská oblast | 1683-1799 |  (c) Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0 |
Reference
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Castelli della Russia na italské Wikipedii.
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Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu seznam pevností, hradů a zámků v Rusku na Wikimedia Commons
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Porkhov asv2018-07 img21.jpg
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: FAL
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: FAL
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Castle in Vasil'evskoe.JPG
Autor: P.S. Boytsov; foto by Sigwald, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Manor House in Vasil'evskoe (Mar'ino), the architect P.S. Boytsov, built in 1881 - 1884.
Autor: P.S. Boytsov; foto by Sigwald, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Manor House in Vasil'evskoe (Mar'ino), the architect P.S. Boytsov, built in 1881 - 1884.
Zaraysk kremlin wall west.jpg
Autor: Původně soubor načetl С. Л. na projektu Wikipedie v jazyce ruština, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Стена Зарайского кремля
Autor: Původně soubor načetl С. Л. na projektu Wikipedie v jazyce ruština, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Стена Зарайского кремля
Bip fortress in Pavlovsk 2010-09-04 2.JPG
Autor:
Крепость Бип в месте слияния рек Славянка и Тызва в Павловске.
Autor:
Русский: Денис Катковский
,
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Крепость Бип в месте слияния рек Славянка и Тызва в Павловске.
Serpukhov Kremlin Fragment of Wall.jpg
Autor: Sergey Charkin (Чаркин Сергей Евгениевич), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Serpukhov, Kremlin, Fragment of Wall (1556), Federal Landmark
Autor: Sergey Charkin (Чаркин Сергей Евгениевич), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Serpukhov, Kremlin, Fragment of Wall (1556), Federal Landmark
Gatchina palace. North view.jpg
Autor: Tato fotografie byla pořízena Canon PowerShot S2 IS., Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Gatchina palace. North view
Autor: Tato fotografie byla pořízena Canon PowerShot S2 IS., Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Gatchina palace. North view
Ushakobo 2003.jpg
Руины замка Брандербург в 2003 году.
Руины замка Брандербург в 2003 году.
Russia-Suzdal-Euthymius Monastery-Main Tower.jpg
(c) Alex Zelenko, CC BY-SA 4.0
Main tower. Saint Euthymius monastery. Suzdal, Russia.
(c) Alex Zelenko, CC BY-SA 4.0
Main tower. Saint Euthymius monastery. Suzdal, Russia.
Vyborg 06-2012 Castle 06.jpg
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Spb 06-2012 MichaelCastle.jpg
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Syzran - Kreml.jpg
Спасская башня (1683). Она сначала была воротной башней, затем была переделана так, что внутри располагалась церковь во имя Спаса Нерукотворного.
Спасская башня (1683). Она сначала была воротной башней, затем была переделана так, что внутри располагалась церковь во имя Спаса Нерукотворного.
Sophia panorama 2.jpg
Kremlyovskaya (Kremlin), former Sobornaya (Cathedral) Square in Vologda
Kremlyovskaya (Kremlin), former Sobornaya (Cathedral) Square in Vologda
Mirozh02.JPG
Autor: User:Shakko, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Monastery of Mirozh. View from the other bank of Velikaya river
Autor: User:Shakko, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Monastery of Mirozh. View from the other bank of Velikaya river
Königsberg Castle.jpg
Königsberg Castle and Monument for the german Emperor William I. in Königsberg (Preußen) (nowadays Kaliningrad, Russia)
Königsberg Castle and Monument for the german Emperor William I. in Königsberg (Preußen) (nowadays Kaliningrad, Russia)
Fortress Oreshek.jpg
(c) I, Veikia, CC BY-SA 3.0
Shlisselburg Fortress (Russian: Крепость Оре́шек, Swedish: Nöteborgs fästning) in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, 2005
(c) I, Veikia, CC BY-SA 3.0
Shlisselburg Fortress (Russian: Крепость Оре́шек, Swedish: Nöteborgs fästning) in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, 2005
Priory Palace.jpg
Autor: Alexander Konovalenko, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.5
Priory Palace in Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast, Russia
Autor: Alexander Konovalenko, Licence: CC BY-SA 2.5
Priory Palace in Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast, Russia
Alexandrov Kremlin 01.jpg
Александровский кремль
Александровский кремль
Pyhän kolminaisuuden luostari.jpg
Autor: own work, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Pyhän kolminaisuuden luostari in Lotinapelto
Autor: own work, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Pyhän kolminaisuuden luostari in Lotinapelto
Kronstadt channel.jpg
Autor: No machine-readable author provided. Lite assumed (based on copyright claims)., Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Autor: No machine-readable author provided. Lite assumed (based on copyright claims)., Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Spasskaya tower Vyazma2.JPG
Autor: Alaexis, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Winter view of the Spasskaya tower in Vyazma, Russia.
Autor: Alaexis, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Winter view of the Spasskaya tower in Vyazma, Russia.
Walls and towers of Donskoy Monastery 06.jpg
Autor: Lodo27 from Moscow, Russia, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Западная стена Донского монастыря, на заднем плане надвратная колокольня.
Autor: Lodo27 from Moscow, Russia, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Западная стена Донского монастыря, на заднем плане надвратная колокольня.
Goritsy Auferstehungskloster 01.jpg
Autor: User:MatthiasKabel, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Nunnery in Goritsy
Autor: User:MatthiasKabel, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Nunnery in Goritsy
Prokudin borisogleb.jpg
Россия. Ярославская губ. Борисоглебское. Башни и стена Борисоглебского монастыря.
Россия. Ярославская губ. Борисоглебское. Башни и стена Борисоглебского монастыря.
Derbent winter.jpg
Autor: unknown, Licence: Attribution
Autor: unknown, Licence: Attribution
View01.jpg
Tower of Kolomna's Kremlin
Tower of Kolomna's Kremlin
Nizhny Novgorod Ivanovskaya Tower of Kremlin.jpg
Autor: Bestalex, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Ivanovskaya Tower of Kremlin
Autor: Bestalex, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Ivanovskaya Tower of Kremlin
Dmitry Medvedev 2 July 2008-4.jpg
(c) Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0
MAIENDORF CASTLE, MOSCOW REGION. At a meeting with the Russian national football team.
(c) Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0
MAIENDORF CASTLE, MOSCOW REGION. At a meeting with the Russian national football team.
Novgorod - View on Yuriev Monastery from Volkhov 02.jpg
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Views of Velikiy Novgorod. The Yuriev Monastery as seen from the river.
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Views of Velikiy Novgorod. The Yuriev Monastery as seen from the river.
Ruine der Ordensburg Ragnit.jpg
(c) Ballupoenen, CC BY-SA 3.0
Ruine der Ordensburg in Neman (Ragnit, Foto: N. Ahting (User: Ballupoenen) Juni 2006
(c) Ballupoenen, CC BY-SA 3.0
Ruine der Ordensburg in Neman (Ragnit, Foto: N. Ahting (User: Ballupoenen) Juni 2006
Goritsky Monastery of Dormition 4.jpg
Autor: Joymsk, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Autor: Joymsk, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number:
Hytynsky monastery.JPG
Autor: Дар Ветер, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Khutynsky monastery. Novgorodsky district, Novgorod oblast, Russia
Autor: Дар Ветер, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Khutynsky monastery. Novgorodsky district, Novgorod oblast, Russia
Zamok balga may2006.JPG
Бальга.Руины " служебного здания" форбурга. Май 2006.
Бальга.Руины " служебного здания" форбурга. Май 2006.
Gdov.Kremlin wall.20100803.DSC 0594.JPG
Autor: Alexei Kouprianov, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
The ruined southern wall of the Gdov Kremlin.
Autor: Alexei Kouprianov, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
The ruined southern wall of the Gdov Kremlin.
LadogaKrepost.jpg
Autor: Снимок сделан В.Медейко (Dr Bug), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Staraja Ladoga: Fortress (Staroladozhskaja krepost).
Autor: Снимок сделан В.Медейко (Dr Bug), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Staraja Ladoga: Fortress (Staroladozhskaja krepost).
Velikiy Novgorod Detinets 08.jpg
Autor: Lite, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
View south-east from the Kokui tower of the Novgorod kremlin
Autor: Lite, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
View south-east from the Kokui tower of the Novgorod kremlin
VisotskiyMonastery.jpg
Стена Высоцкого монастыря (Серпухов)
Серпухов. Высоцский монастырь. Башня, фрагмент стены.
Стена Высоцкого монастыря (Серпухов)
Серпухов. Высоцский монастырь. Башня, фрагмент стены.
Petropavlovskaia Krepost aerial.jpg
Aerial view of Peter and Paul Fortress, St. Petersburg
Aerial view of Peter and Paul Fortress, St. Petersburg
The Monastery of St. Nil on Stolobnyi Island in Lake Seliger in Tver Province (Gorskii 03973).jpg
View of the Nilova Monastery. The Monastery of St. Nil' on Stolobnyi Island in Lake Seliger in Tver' Province, northwest of Moscow, illustrates the fate of church institutions during the course of Russian history. St. Nil (d. 1554) established a small monastic settlement on the island around 1528. In the early 1600s his disciples built what was to become one of the largest, wealthiest, monasteries in the Russian Empire. The monastery was closed by the Soviet regime in 1927, and the structure was used for various secular purposes, including a concentration camp and orphanage. In 1990 the property was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church and is now a functioning monastic community once more.
Early color photograph from Russia, created by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915.
The Monastery of St. Nil on Stolobnyi Island in Lake Seliger in Tver Province.
Full caption from The Library of Congress exhibition "The Empire That Was Russia:View of the Nilova Monastery. The Monastery of St. Nil' on Stolobnyi Island in Lake Seliger in Tver' Province, northwest of Moscow, illustrates the fate of church institutions during the course of Russian history. St. Nil (d. 1554) established a small monastic settlement on the island around 1528. In the early 1600s his disciples built what was to become one of the largest, wealthiest, monasteries in the Russian Empire. The monastery was closed by the Soviet regime in 1927, and the structure was used for various secular purposes, including a concentration camp and orphanage. In 1990 the property was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church and is now a functioning monastic community once more.
The Choir Building Ryazan1.JPG
The Choir Building in Ryazan Kremlin
The Choir Building in Ryazan Kremlin
Volokolamsk Kremlin 15.jpg
Autor: Lodo27 from Moscow, Russia, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Volokolamsk Kremlin
Autor: Lodo27 from Moscow, Russia, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Volokolamsk Kremlin
Ipatiev02.jpg
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
View on the Ipatiev Monastery in Kostroma, Russia
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
View on the Ipatiev Monastery in Kostroma, Russia
Yar mitro.jpg
Autor: Ghirlandajo, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
The Metropolitan Palace in Yaroslavl (built 1680s)
Autor: Ghirlandajo, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
The Metropolitan Palace in Yaroslavl (built 1680s)
Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery.jpg
Autor: The author of this image is lj-user homaaxel. Here she allows to use this file under the license Creative Commons Attribution 1.0., Licence: CC BY 1.0
Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery
Autor: The author of this image is lj-user homaaxel. Here she allows to use this file under the license Creative Commons Attribution 1.0., Licence: CC BY 1.0
Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery
Tobolsk Kremlin by Dmitry Medvedev.jpg
(c) Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0
Aerial view of the Tobolsk Kremlin, taken by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. This photo was sold at auction in January 2010 for 51 million rubles (US$1.7 million).
(c) Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0
Aerial view of the Tobolsk Kremlin, taken by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. This photo was sold at auction in January 2010 for 51 million rubles (US$1.7 million).
Koropye fortress entrance.jpg
Autor: No machine-readable author provided. Conscious assumed (based on copyright claims)., Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Fortress in Koporye, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
Autor: No machine-readable author provided. Conscious assumed (based on copyright claims)., Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Fortress in Koporye, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
Pskov asv07-2018 Kremlin before sunset.jpg
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: FAL
Pohled na Pskovský krom, středověký kreml v centru ruského města Pskova v době těsně před západem slunce.
Autor: A.Savin, Licence: FAL
Pohled na Pskovský krom, středověký kreml v centru ruského města Pskova v době těsně před západem slunce.
Moscow Kremlin from Kamenny bridge.jpg
Autor: Минеева Ю. (Julmin) (retouched by Surendil), Licence: CC BY-SA 1.0
Panorama of Moscow Kremlin from Bolshoi Kamenny bridge
Autor: Минеева Ю. (Julmin) (retouched by Surendil), Licence: CC BY-SA 1.0
Panorama of Moscow Kremlin from Bolshoi Kamenny bridge