Srbský despotát
| Srbský despotát Српска деспотовина Srpska despotovina
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Srbský despotát (srbsky: Српска деспотовина / Srpska despotovina) bylo středověkým srbským státem v první polovině 15. století. Ačkoli je bitva na Kosově poli v roce 1389 mylně považována za konec středověkého Srbska, despotát, nástupnický stát Srbské říše a Moravského Srbska, trvalo dalších šedesát let a zažilo kulturní, hospodářskou a politickou renesanci, zejména za vlády despota Stefana Lazareviće. Po smrti despoty Đurađa Brankoviće v roce 1456 existoval despotát ještě další tři roky, než nakonec v roce 1459 padl pod osmanskou nadvládu.
Po roce 1459 politické tradice Srbského despotátu pokračovaly v exilu ve středověkém Uherském království, kde několik titulárních srbských despotů bylo jmenováno uherskými králi. Posledním titulárním srbským despotou byl Pavle Bakić, který padl v bitvě u Gorjani v roce 1537.[1]
Odkazy
Reference
- ↑ Jireček 1918, s. 263–264.
Literatura
- JIREČEK, Konstantin, 1918. Geschichte der Serben. Svazek 2. Gotha: Perthes. Dostupné online. (německy)
Externí odkazy
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Autor: Old!!man1234561234, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Flag of the Serbian Despotate, 1402-1459.
Autor: Samhanin, Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of arms of the Serbian Despotate (Rascia) from Western Armorials. This particular COA is from an Armorial by Christoph Silberysen (1576).
Autor: BlinxTheKitty, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Possible flag or banner of the Ottoman Empire (or Ottoman army) according to Hieronymus (aka Jérôme) Bosch (crwflags.com), the painter lived in the Middle Ages (c. 1450–1516) in Brabant and some of his paintings show Ottoman flags. These are generally red with a white crescent. It was the end of the XVth century, when the Ottomans had just conquered Constantinople and thus ended the Byzantine Empire, that was a shock for the Christian world.
Small Coat of Arms of Balsic Dynasty
Autor: Germenfer, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Flag of the Chernoyevitch Dynasty, based on it's coat of arms and a written description from a Venetian diplomatic corespondance:
Noble coat of arms was granted to Ivan Chernoyevitch on the assembly of the Great council of Venice, 24.02.1473, which is attested to by the golden bull, whose transcript is kept in the State Archive of Venice (Arcshivio di Stato di Venezia, Ex libro privilegiorum II, ch. 54), in which the eagle is described as a golden two-headed eagle. (Source: A. Samardžić, "Dosadašnji izvori o grbovima Crnojevića" MATICA, 2010, p. 762) (original text in Montenegrin/Serbo-Croatian)
The designed of the eagle itself is based on the printed coat of arms on the first page of Cetinje Octoechos, a South Slavic liturgy book, printed in Montenegro in 1494, by the Crnojević printing house.
The red field of the flag is attested by Charles du Fresne Sieur du Cange, who states "And after the fall of Montenegro, the heraldic tradition was carried out by Staniša Crnojević, as well as his grandchildren, which went into exile in Venice. Members of house Crnojević, which were accepted into the ranks of Venetian nobility, carried a golden two-headed eagle on a red field" (Source: Charles du Fresne Sieur du Cange, Illyricum vetus et novum, p. 135) (original text in Latin).
According to Rıza Nur, sultan Selim I (1512-20) had a white personal flag, while the Ottoman Army flag was red (kızıl bayrak). During Süleyman I's reign (1520-66) the janissaries had a white flag while the timariot cavalry had a red flag. It was used as the Ottoman civic and merchant flag from 1793 to 1923.
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Autor: User:Ivan25 (translated by User:Vorziblix), Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Serbian Despotate in 1422.