Státní hymna
Státní nebo národní hymna je vlastenecká píseň nebo hudební skladba hraná a zpívaná při státních nebo národních oslavách a slavnostních příležitostech. Patří ke státním nebo národním symbolům a bývá určena patřičnými zákony či ústavou země. Národní hymna může být buď zároveň hymnou státní, nebo může, zejména v případě mnohonárodnostních států, představovat specifický etnický symbol (etnická hymna), aniž by byla hymnou oficiální. Vznik státní nebo národní hymny je mnohdy spojován s počátky státu nebo formováním národní identity nebo nezávislosti. Hymna je formou oficiálního vyjádření národní a státní myšlenky.[1]
Královská hymna je vlastenecká píseň, podobně jako národní hymna, avšak svým textem obzvláště oslavující konkrétního monarchu nebo panovnický rod.
Délka hymny
Státní hymny mají různé délky. Hudebně nejkratší státní hymnou je ugandská hymna (22 s, příležitostně se hraje dvakrát). Podle veršů je nejkratší japonská hymna (6 veršů, zároveň je nejstarší, pochází z 10. století). Hudebně nejdelší státní hymnou je uruguayská hymna (téměř 4,5 minuty, používá se zkrácená verze dlouhá 75 s). Textově nejdelší je řecká hymna (158 veršů).[2] Pro porovnání: česká hymna trvá 64 s,[2] verze pro ceremoniální účely trvá 45 s.[3] a má 9 veršů.
Státní hymny
Seznam hymen států, i částečně uznaných, uznaných de iure i de facto:
Státní hymny zaniklých států
| Stát | Název hymny (přepis do latinky) |
|---|---|
 Arcach | Ազատ ու անկախ Արցախ (Azat u ankach Arcach) |
 Československo | Kde domov můj a Nad Tatrou sa blýska |
 Jugoslávie, Srbsko a Černá Hora | Hej, Slované |
 Německá demokratická republika | Auferstanden aus Ruinen |
 Sovětský svaz | Hymna Sovětského svazu (do roku 1944 Internacionála) |
Hymny závislých území
Seznam závislých území zde není kompletní, některá území užívají hymnu mateřského státu. Některé hymny jsou neoficiální.
| Závislé území | Název hymny (přepis do latinky) |
|---|---|
 Alandy (Finsko) | Ålänningens sång |
 Cookovy ostrovy (Nový Zéland) | Te Atua Mou E |
 Grónsko (Dánsko) | Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit |
 Niue (Nový Zéland) | Ko e Iki he Lagi |
 Norfolk (Austrálie) Pitcairnovy ostrovy (Spojené království) | Come ye Blessed |
 Portoriko (USA) | La Borinqueña |
Národní hymny, hymny nižších územních celků
Uvedeny pouze hymny s článkem.
| Území, národ | Název hymny (přepis do latinky) |
|---|---|
 Bosna a Hercegovina (entita) | |
| Republika srbská | Moja Republika |
 Mexiko (spolkové státy) | |
| Zacatecas | Marcha de Zacatecas |
 Německo (spolkové země) | |
| viz | Seznam hymen německých spolkových zemí |
 Rakousko (spolkové země) | |
| Korutany | Kärntner Heimatlied |
 Rusko (republiky) | |
| viz | Seznam hymen subjektů Ruské federace |
 Řecko | |
| Řecká Makedonie | Μακεδονία ξακουστή (Makedonia ksakustí) |
 Spojené království (země) | |
| Wales | Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau |
 Spojené státy americké (federální státy) | |
| viz | Seznam státních písní států USA |
 Španělsko (autonomní společenství) | |
| Asturie | Asturias, patria querida |
| Baskicko | Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia |
| Galicie | Queixumes dos Pinos |
| Madridské aut. spol. | Himno de Madrid |
Národní/etnické hymny
| Etnikum | Název hymny (přepis do latinky) |
|---|---|
 Asyřané | ܪܘܼܡܪܵܡܵܐ (Roomrama) |
 Kurdové | ئەی ڕەقیب (Ey Reqîb) |
 Livonci (Lotyšsko, Estonsko) | Min izāmō |
 Lužičtí Srbové (Německo) | Rjana Łužica |
 Romové | Gejľem, gejľem |
 Podkarpatští Rusíni (Ukrajina) | Гимн Подкарпатських Русинов (Gimn Podkarpatskich Rusinov) |
 Sámové (Laponsko) | Sámi soga lávlla |
 Slované | Hej, Slované |
Odkazy
Reference
V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku National anthem na anglické Wikipedii.
- ↑ Archivovaná kopie. hymna.cz [online]. [cit. 2009-02-25]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2009-04-14.
- ↑ a b Česká hymna zase tak krátká není. Je delší než britská, od ostatních se moc neliší
- ↑ Česká hymna bude zřejmě delší a sebevědomější
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu státní hymna na Wikimedia Commons 
Slovníkové heslo hymna ve Wikislovníku
Dílo Wikisource:National anthems ve Wikizdrojích (anglicky)- Hymna.cz Archivováno 14. 4. 2009 na Wayback Machine. (česky)
- Hymna.ic.cz (česky)
- National Anthems of the World (anglicky)
- Hymny ve formátu MIDI (anglicky)
- National Anthems Info (anglicky)
- NATIONAL ANTHEMS (anglicky)
- National Anthems (anglicky)
- National Anthems: Audio, Lyrics, & Sheet Music (anglicky)
- Hymny ve formátu MP3 a MIDI (anglicky)
Média použitá na této stránce
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