Elektroskop
Elektroskop se zlatými lístky
Elektroskop je druh elektrometru, přístroje, který slouží k indikaci a měření elektrického náboje.
Druhy
- Elektronický - Skládá se z velmi citlivých elektrosoučástek.
- Statický - Skládá se z dvou tenkých plátků kovu, uzavřených ve skleněné baňce.
Princip
Princip běžného statického elektroskopu spočívá v tom, že na kovovou destičku, která je spojena s plátky kovů, přivedeme elektrický náboj. Podle jeho velikosti jsou plátky kovu od sebe odtlačovány odpudivou silou stejných elektrických nábojů. Z velikosti výchylky od svislé roviny lze určit velikost náboje.
Elektronický elektroskop užívá polovodičových součástek reagujících na elektrické pole. Jednou z takových je tranzistor označovaný jako MOSFET, který je nejčastěji v elektrických elektroskopech používán. Celé zařízení pak funguje spíše jako zesilovač, kdy je výsledná hodnota zobrazována voltmetrem.
Související články
Externí odkazy
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu elektroskop na Wikimedia Commons
Média použitá na této stránce
13. Електризација на електроскоп со инфлуенца.ogv
Autor: Andrejdam, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Using an electroscope to show electrostatic induction. When the electroscope is touched with a negatively charged ebonitе rod, the electroscope stays permanently charged. When the rod is brought near the head of the electroscope (NO CONTACT), the electroscope again is charged. But when the rod is removed, the electroscope is neutral again. This phenomenon is called electrostatic induction. In this case the object is charged only while there is a presence of the charged rod. Negative electrons are repelled by the negative rod and are concentrated in the leaves of the electroscope. Thus, they are negative, while the head of the electroscope is positive. It is similar when glass rod is used. Since it is positively charged, the electrons are attracted to the head and it acts like negative, while the leaves are positively charged. When the rod is near the electroscope and if the experimenter touches the head of the electroscope, the negative electrons are repelled into the experimenter's body. When the experimenter removes the finger, the electroscope remains positive. Prepared, performed and explained by Prof. Oliver Zajkov at the Physics Institute at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Macedonia.
Autor: Andrejdam, Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Using an electroscope to show electrostatic induction. When the electroscope is touched with a negatively charged ebonitе rod, the electroscope stays permanently charged. When the rod is brought near the head of the electroscope (NO CONTACT), the electroscope again is charged. But when the rod is removed, the electroscope is neutral again. This phenomenon is called electrostatic induction. In this case the object is charged only while there is a presence of the charged rod. Negative electrons are repelled by the negative rod and are concentrated in the leaves of the electroscope. Thus, they are negative, while the head of the electroscope is positive. It is similar when glass rod is used. Since it is positively charged, the electrons are attracted to the head and it acts like negative, while the leaves are positively charged. When the rod is near the electroscope and if the experimenter touches the head of the electroscope, the negative electrons are repelled into the experimenter's body. When the experimenter removes the finger, the electroscope remains positive. Prepared, performed and explained by Prof. Oliver Zajkov at the Physics Institute at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Macedonia.