Giovanni Di Dondi clock
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Giovanni de Dondi
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Drawing of the bottom section of Giovanni de Dondi's astronomical clock, the Astrarium, finished 1364, Padua, Italy. This early weight-driven clock kept time with a balance wheel (crown shape, at top) driven by a verge escapement (wheel under it). This is one of the earliest existing drawings of those mechanisms. The balance wheel had a beat of 2 seconds. The actual clock was a lot more complicated than this drawing, which only shows the lower section containing the weights, escapement and main gear train. The upper section, mounted on top of this, had 7 dials, displaying the astrological motions of the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. See Giovanni De Dondi's Astrarium. Alterations to image: converted to 8 color PNG.
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Public domain - author died in 1389.
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Public domain
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This is a modern tracing of an illustration in a 1461 manuscript at Oxford University (MS Laud. Misc. 620 Folio 10). A photo of the illustration can be seen here. It is almost certainly originally from Giovanni de Dondi's 1364 treatise on his clock, Tractatus Astrarii. Downloaded from Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhard (1996) History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA, p.50, fig.8 caption credits it to Manuscript 172, Eton College, UK.
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